User:Immanuelle/sandbox/Kumano Faith

Template:Ill (熊野権現), also known as Three Mountains of Kumano (熊野三山)[1][2], is a Japanese deity associated with Kumano Shrines.[3] The kami enshrined in the three Kumano Sanzan Grand Shrines and worshipped in Kumano shrines are the three Kumano mountains: Hongū, Shingū, and Nachi.[1]

There are more than 3,000 Kumano shrines in Japan, and each has received its kami from another Kumano shrine through a process of propagation called Template:Ill (分霊) or Template:Ill (勧請).

The point of origin of the Kumano cult is the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex in Template:Ill, which comprises Template:Ill (熊野速玉大社) (Template:Ill), Template:Ill (Template:Ill) and Template:Ill (Template:Ill, Template:Ill).[4]

Origins

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A Kumano shrine

The three Kumano Sanzan shrines are the Sōhonsha ("head shrines") of all Kumano shrines and lie between 20 and 40 km from each other.[4] They are connected to each other by the pilgrimage route known as Template:Ill (熊野古道).[4] The great Kumano Sanzan complex also includes two Buddhist temples, Template:Ill and Template:Ill.[5]

Template:Ill, the fifth and youngest child of Amaterasu is sometimes linked to Kumano Gongen The deity's name, Kusubi (Kusuhi), is thought to mean "strange spirit" (mysterious divine spirit) or "strange fire. The current deity of Kumano-taisha is "Kumano Oyagami Kushimitama no Mikoto (熊野大神櫛御気野命)," but there is a theory that the original deity was Kumanokusubi. There is a theory that the deity of Template:Ill, Template:Ill, is Izamiami, but this is also believed to be a reference to Kumanokusubi.[6]

The religious significance of the Kumano region goes back to prehistoric times and therefore predates all modern religions in Japan.[5] The area is still considered a place of physical healing.[5] Each shrine initially had its own separate form of nature worship. In the 10th century, under the influence of Buddhism, the three came to be worshiped together as the three deities of Kumano.[5] Because at the time Japanese kami were believed to be emanations of Template:Ill (Template:Ill theory), the three came to be associated with Buddhas. Kuniyasutamahime became associated with Sahasrabhūja Template:Ill (Senju Kannon, "Template:Ill"), Template:Ill (Yakushi Nyōrai) and Template:Ill (Amida Nyōrai).[4][7]

Kumano Gongen refers to the deities of the Three Kumano Mountains, especially focusing on the main deities: Ketsumiko (Template:Ill), Hayatama (Template:Ill), and Musubi (also written as Fusubi or Musubi, or "Yui" for Template:Ill), collectively known as the Kumano Sanjo Gongen. In addition to these, other deities are also included, referred to as the Kumano Jūniso Gongen. The site became a unique example of Template:Ill, the fusion between Buddhism and Japanese Template:Ill.[5]

The Three Kumano Mountains consist of Kumano Hongū Taisha, Kumano Hayatama Taisha, and Kumano Nachi Taisha.[8] Initially, they developed separately; Hongū was established during the reign of Emperor Suinin, Hayatama during Emperor Keikō's reign (according to the Fusang Jijin), and Nachi during Emperor Kōshō's reign, with the foundation involving a practice called naked pilgrimage (also "naked form") , though this is uncertain. In official histories, the names of the deities can be confirmed in documents from 806, with a record from 766 mentioning that four households were dedicated to the Hayatama and Kumano Musubi deities, indicating that these two deities were worshipped together in what is today Shingu, known as Kumano Shinson.

 
Template:Ill

By the mid-9th century, the deity was simply called Kumano Imasu Kami, and the main deity of Hongū, previously unclear, began to be called Ketsumiko or Shōshō Bosatsu, along with New Musubi and Hayatama, establishing the tradition that Ketsumiko was an ancient Kumano deity ("Kumano Gongen Suijaku Engi", included in "Chōkan Kanmon" ).

The Kumano Sanzan site attracted many worshipers and became a popular pilgrimage destination.[4] In the 11th century, pilgrims were mostly members of the Template:Ill or aristocrats, but four centuries later they were mostly commoners.[5] The visit was referred to as the "Kumano ant pilgrimage" (蟻の熊野参り, Ari no Kumano mairi), because they could be seen winding through the valleys like so many ants.

Moreover, the "Chūyūki" entry for October 26, 1109, not only lists these three deities but also mentions Goshodenji, Ichiman Kenzoku, Jūman Kongō Dōji, Kanjō Jūgoso, Hikō Yasha, and Meiji Kongō Dōji, and the pilgrimage records of Toba-in and Taikenmon'in (included in "Chōshūki") from February 1, Longsheng 3 year, list the twelve Gongen and their original Buddhas, showing that by this time, the Kumano Sanjo Gongen and Jūniso Gongen were established . Nachi, differing in nature from Hongū and Hayatama and known as a sacred place for waterfall asceticism, initially had Template:Ill as the main deity, but by the early Kamakura period, the "Kumano Gongen Kongō Zōjō Hōden Constructing Merits Diary" included tales related to the worship of the Twelve Gongen, indicating that by this time, the deities of Hongū and Hayatama were also enshrined there. Thus, by the end of the 12th century, the three mountains had unified by worshipping each other's deities .

Kumano Gongen

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Each of the Three Mountains is considered to represent a different pure land: Hongū represents the Western Paradise, Shingu represents the eastern pure land of Lapis Lazuli[note 1], and Nachi represents the Southern Potalaka[note 2]. From the Heian period onward, Kumano as a whole came to be regarded as a land of the Pure Land.

There is a 12 deity version, and a three deity version with Template:Ill Template:Ill and Template:Ill [9] The Template:Ill is said to be the thirteenth member.[10]

At Template:Ill and Template:Ill, twelve deities are enshrined as follows.

Kumano Twelve Shrines Gongen[11]
Shrine Pavilion Deity Original Buddha Statue Type
Upper Four Shrines Three Shrines Gongen Both Shrines Gongen First Pavilion Nishi-no-miya (Yui-miya) Template:Ill・Kumano Musubi Okami・Kotoamatsukami Template:Ill Feminine Form
Second Pavilion Chū-no-miya (Hayatama Myōjin) Template:Ill・Hayatama no Okami Template:Ill Secular Form
Shōjō Gongen Third Pavilion Jōsō (Ketsumi Ōji) Template:Ill・Ketsumi Mikoto Okami Template:Ill Dharma Form
Five Shrines Princes Fourth Pavilion Wakamiya Template:Ill (Template:Ill) Template:Ill Feminine Form
Middle Four Shrines Fifth Pavilion Zenji-miya Template:Ill Template:Ill Dharma Form (or Secular Form)
Sixth Pavilion Sei-miya Template:Ill Template:Ill Dharma Form
Seventh Pavilion Ko-miya Template:Ill Template:Ill Dharma Form
Eighth Pavilion Komori-miya Template:Ill Template:Ill Feminine Form
Lower Four Shrines Four Shrines Myōjin Ninth Pavilion Ichiman-miya・
Jūman-miya
Template:Ill
Template:IllTemplate:Ill Secular Form
Tenth Pavilion Meiji Kongō Template:Ill Template:Ill Secular Form
Eleventh Pavilion Flying Yasha Template:Ill Template:Ill Yasha Form
Twelfth Pavilion Kanjō Jūgosho Template:Ill Template:Ill Secular Form

At Kumano Nachi Taisha, "Taki-miya" (deity Template:Ill (Takinawa Gongen), original Buddha Thousand-Armed Kannon) is considered the first pavilion, and the order descends one pavilion at a time, enshrining the eight deities of the Middle Four Shrines and the Lower Four Shrines in the sixth pavilion (Hassha-den), thus known as the "Thirteen Shrines Gongen".

See also

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Notes

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  1. a b Encyclopedia of Shinto, Kumano Shinkō, accessed on October 6, 2008
  2. Kumano Sanzan Template:Webarchive, World Heritage Registration Association, accessed on October 13, 2008
  3. "Discover the unique spiritual culture of Kumano with exclusive insight from a chief priest at Kumano Hongu Taisha". The KANSAI Guide - The Origin of Japan, KANSAI. 2022-07-04. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  4. a b c d e "Sacred site "Kumano Sanzan"". Archived from the original on 2009-03-03. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  5. a b c d e f "Kumano Sanzan". Archived from the original on 2019-08-22. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
  6. "Nihon no kami yomi kakkai jiten" (in Japanese). Kawaguchi Kenji (ed.). Kashiwa Shobo. 1999. ISBN 978-4-7601-1824-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. Breen, John; Teeuwen, Mark (2013). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami. Taylor & Francis. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-136-82704-4.
  8. "Sacred Site, "Kumano Sanzan"". web.archive.org. 2009-03-03. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
  9. "Gongen: Avatars of Japan's Mountain Sects, Shugendo, Shinto Traditions, & Syncretic Merging with Buddhist Deities". www.onmarkproductions.com. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  10. "Kumano Nachi Taisha|Wakayama Prefecture World Heritage Center". Kumano Nachi Taisha|Wakayama Prefecture World Heritage Center. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  11. Miyaie [1992: 60] according to the table

References

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Notes

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References

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Template:Draft categories Template:Kumano Faith

Notes

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  1. the eastern pure land of Vaiḍūryanirbhāsa "Pure Lapis Lazuli" ruled by Template:Ill
  2. Ratnasambhava, the Buddha of the Southern Pure Land

References

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Template:Draft categories User:Immanuelle/Kumano Faith