Urdu/Basic Urdu
Using Subject and Predicate Logic
I am a student : main student hoon You are a soldier : tum sipahi hoo
Subject here is : Main, tum Predicate here is : student hoon, sipahi hoo
To be (Auxiliary verb)
editIt is called Hoonaa in Urdu
Auxiliaries with respect to Present Tense
- hoon: Usage with first person
- hoo: Usage with second person informal
- hain: Usage in plural sense
These are our things: Yeh hamari cheezain hain
- What are you doing ? : Tum kya kar rahay hoo
- I am in trouble? : Main mushkil main ghira hoon
Auxiliaries with respect to Past Tense
- thaa : usage with masculine and singular
- thay : usage with plural and masculine
- thii : usage with singular and feminine
- thiin : usage with plural and feminine
Nouns
editIn Urdu there are only two genders namely Masculine and Feminine. It is very difficult for a new user to differentiate between the two genders easily; instead, the gender of each noun should be memorized. There are some helpful guidelines to determine them:
Masculine Nouns: Nouns ending in aa are normally masculine
- Dadaa : Grandfather
- Abaa : Father
- Bache: boy (child)
- Bakraa : Male Goat
Feminine Nouns: Nouns ending in ii are normally feminine
- dadii : grandmother
- bachii: girl (child)
- Bakrii: female goat
There may be some exceptions to these rules. For e.g friend or dost could be a girlfriend or boyfriend although the other part of the sentence may disclose the gender (e.g. from adjective or verb agreement).
It it also possible to make a noun out of a verb. All verbs are normally masculine where used as infinitives. Some endings may be used to derive a noun from them
1. ii, n, hat and waat' may be used to make a feminine noun of a verb
- muskaan : muskaraana : muskrarahat
2. oo, 'pan', may be used to make a masculine noun of a given verb