Template:Conlang/CXS table

Usage

When viewed directly, this table lists all the CXS symbols and other notations, sorted by "primary" character — usually the first character, but notations starting with an underscore, and angle-bracketed letters such as <F>, are grouped by second character. When transcluded, the table lists each entry only when its class parameter is specified; the classes are:

uppercase — symbols starting with an upper-case letter
lowercase — symbols starting with a lower-case letter
digit — symbols starting with a digit
special — symbols starting with a non-alphanumeric
nonsymbol — non-symbols

The table

CXS	X-SAMPA (if different)	IPA	IPA web markup (using only ASCII)	Description (linked to Wikipedia article, if any)	Examples
a		a	`a`	open front unrounded vowel	French dame [dam], Spanish padre ['paD4e]
A		ɑ	`ɑ`	open back unrounded vowel	English father ['fA:D@(r\)] (RP and Gen.American)
_a		̺	`̺`	apical
_A		̘	`̘`	advanced tongue root
b		b	`b`	voiced bilabial plosive	English bed [bEd], French bon [bO~]
b_d		b̪	`b̪`	voiced labiodental plosive
b_<		ɓ	`ɓ`	voiced bilabial implosive	Sindhi ɓarʊ [b_<arU]
B		β	`β`	voiced bilabial fricative	Spanish lavar [la'Ba4]
B\		ʙ	`ʙ`	bilabial trill	Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr")
B_o		β̞	`β̞`	bilabial approximant	Spanish lava ['lB_oa]
_B		̏ (or ˩)	`̏` (or `˩`)	extra low tone
_B_L		˩˧	`&#x2E9˧`	low rising tone
c		c	`c`	voiceless palatal plosive	Hungarian latyak ['lQcQk]
C		ç	`ç`	voiceless palatal fricative	German ich [IC], English human ['Cjum@n] (broad transcription uses [hj-])
_c		̜	`̜`	less rounded
d		d	`d`	voiced alveolar plosive	English dig [dIg], French doigt [dwa]
dz)		d͡z or ʣ	`d͡z` or `ʣ`	voiced alveolar affricate
dz\)		d͡ʑ or ʥ	`d͡ʑ` or `ʥ`	voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
dZ)		d͡ʒ or ʤ	`d͡ʒ` or `ʤ`	voiced postalveolar affricate	English jest [dZ)est]<
d`		ɖ	`ɖ`	voiced retroflex plosive	Swedish hord [hu:d`]
d_<		ɗ	`ɗ`	voiced alveolar implosive	Sindhi ɗarʊ [d_<arU]
D		ð	`ð`	voiced dental fricative	English then [DEn]
_d		̪	`̪`	dental
e		e	`e`	close-mid front unrounded vowel	French ses [se], English met [met] (Australian and New Zealand English)
E		ɛ	`ɛ`	open-mid front unrounded vowel	French même [mEm], English met [mEt] (RP and Gen.American)
_e		̴	`̴`	velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5
f		f	`f`	voiceless labiodental fricative	English five [faIv], French femme [fam]
F		ɱ	`ɱ`	labiodental nasal	English emphasis ['EFf@sIs] (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [Emf-])
<F>		↘	`↘`	global fall
_F		̂	`̂`	falling tone
g		ɡ	`ɡ`	voiced velar plosive	English game [geIm], French longue [lO~g]
gb)		g͡b	`g͡b`	voiced labial-velar plosive
g_<		ɠ	`ɠ`	voiced velar implosive	Sindhi ɠƏro [g_<@ro]
G		ɣ	`ɣ`	voiced velar fricative	Greek γωνίa [Go'nia], Danish vælge ['vElG@]
G\		ɢ	`ɢ`	voiced uvular plosive	Inuktitut nirivvik [niG\ivvik]
G\_<		ʛ	`ʛ`	voiced uvular implosive	Mam ʛa [G\_<a]
_G		ˠ	`ˠ`	velarized
h		h	`h`	voiceless glottal fricative	English house [haUs]
h\		ɦ	`ɦ`	voiced glottal fricative	Czech hrad [h\rat]
H		ɥ	`ɥ`	labial-palatal approximant	French huit [Hit]
H\		ʜ	`ʜ`	voiceless epiglottal fricative	Agul [mEH\]
_h		ʰ	`ʰ`	aspirated
_H		́ (or ˦)	`́` (or `˦`)	high tone
_H_T		˧˥	`˧˥`	high rising tone
i		i	`i`	close front unrounded vowel	English be [bi:], French oui [wi], Spanish si [si]
i\ (or 1)	1	Ɨ	`Ƈ`	close central unrounded vowel	Welsh tu [ti\], American English rose's ['r\oUzi\z]
I		ɪ	`ɪ`	near-close near-front unrounded vowel	English kit [kIt]
I\		ɪ¨	`ɪ¨`	Near-close central unrounded vowel	Polish ryba [rI\bA]
j		j	`j`	palatal approximant	English yes [jEs], French yeux [j2]
j\		ʝ	`ʝ`	voiced palatal fricative	Greek γειά [j\a]
J		ɲ	`ɲ`	palatal nasal	Spanish año ['aJo], English canyon ['k&J@n] (broad transcription uses [-nj-])
J\		ɟ	`ɟ`	voiced palatal plosive	Hungarian egy [EJ\]
J\_<		ʄ	`ʄ`	voiced palatal implosive	Sindhi ʄaro [J\_<aro]
_j (or ;)		see ;
k		k	`k`	voiceless velar plosive	English scat [sk&t], Spanish carro ['kar:o]
kp)		k͡p	`k͡p`	voiceless labial-velar plosive
k_>		kʼ	`kʼ`	velar ejective plosive
K		ɬ	`ɬ`	voiceless alveolar lateral fricative	Welsh llaw [KaU]
K`		ɬ̢	`ɬ̢`	voiceless retroflex lateral fricative
K\		ɮ	`ɮ`	voiced alveolar lateral fricative	Mongolian долоо [tOK\O:]
_k		̰	`̰`	creaky voice
l		l	`l`	alveolar lateral approximant	English lay [leI], French mal [mal]
l`		ɭ	`ɭ`	retroflex lateral approximant	Svealand Swedish sorl [so:l`]
l\		ɺ	`ɺ`	alveolar lateral flap	Japanese phoneme /r/
l\`		ɺ̢	`ɺ̢`	retroflex lateral flap	Pashto دنوړ [l\`und]
L		ʎ	`ʎ`	palatal lateral approximant	Italian famiglia [fa'miLa], Castilian llamar [La'mar], English million ['mIL@n] (broad transcription uses [-lj-])
L\		ʟ	`ʟ`	velar lateral approximant
L_0_r		ʎ̥˔	`ʎ̥˔`	voiceless palatal lateral fricative	Hadza [cL_0_ra?a]
L\_0_r		ʟ̝̊	`ʟ̝̊`	voiceless velar lateral fricative
L_X		ʎ̯	`ʎ̯`	palatal lateral flap
L\_X		ʟ̆	`ʟ̆`	velar lateral flap
_l		ˡ	`ˡ`	lateral release
_L		̀ (or ˨)	`̀` (or `˨`)	low tone
m		m	`m`	bilabial nasal	English mouse [maUs], French homme [Om]
M		ɯ	`ɯ`	close back unrounded vowel	Korean 으 (eu)
M\		ɰ	`ɰ`	velar approximant	Spanish fuego ['fweM\o]
_m		̻	`̻`	laminal
_M		̄ (or ˧)	`̄` (or `˧`)	mid tone
n		n	`n`	alveolar nasal	English nap [n&p], French non [nO~]
n`		ɳ	`ɳ`	retroflex nasal	Swedish hörn [h2:n`]
N		ŋ	`ŋ`	velar nasal	English thing [TIN]
Nm)		ŋ͡m	`ŋ͡m`	labial-velar nasal stop
N\		ɴ	`ɴ`	uvular nasal	Japanese san [saN\]
_n		ⁿ	`ⁿ`	nasal release
_N		̼	`̼`	linguolabial
o		o	`o`	close-mid back rounded vowel	French gros [gRo]
O		ɔ	`ɔ`	open-mid back rounded vowel	British English thought [TO:t], American English off [O:f]
O\		ʘ	`ʘ`	bilabial click
_o		̞	`̞`	lowered
_O		̹	`̹`	more rounded
p		p	`p`	voiceless bilabial plosive	English speak [spik], French pose [poz], Spanish perro ['per:o]
p\		ɸ	`ɸ`	voiceless bilabial fricative	Japanese fuku [p\M_0kM]
p_d		p̪	`p̪`	voiceless labiodental plosive	Greek σάπφειρος ['sap_dfiro_os]
p_>		pʼ	`pʼ`	bilabial ejective plosive
P (or v\)		ʋ	`ʋ`	labiodental approximant	Dutch west [PEst]/[v\Est], allophone of English phoneme /r\/
q		q	`q`	voiceless uvular plosive	Arabic qasbah ['qQs_Gba]
Q		ɒ	`ɒ`	open back rounded vowel	British English lot [lQt]
_q		̙	`̙`	retracted tongue root
r		r	`r`	alveolar trill	Spanish perro ['per:o]
r`		ɽ	`ɽ`	retroflex flap	American English hurting ['h3`r`IN]
r`r)		ɽ͡r	`ɽ͡r`	retroflex trill
r\		ɹ	`ɹ`	alveolar approximant	English red [r\Ed]
r\`		ɻ	`ɻ`	retroflex approximant	Malayalam വഴി ['v6r\`i]
R		ʁ	`ʁ`	voiced uvular fricative	German rein [RaIn]
R\		ʀ	`ʀ`	uvular trill	French roi [R\wa]
<R>		↗	`↗`	global rise
_r		̝	`̝`	raised
_R		ˇ	`ˇ`	rising tone
_R_F		˧˥˧	`˧˥˧`	rising falling tone
s		s	`s`	voiceless alveolar fricative	English seem [si:m], French session [se'sjO~]
s`		ʂ	`ʂ`	voiceless retroflex fricative	Swedish mars [mas`]
s\		ɕ	`ɕ`	voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative	Polish swierszcz [s\v;ers`ts`]
s_>		sʼ	`sʼ`	alveolar ejective fricative
S		ʃ	`ʃ`	voiceless postalveolar fricative	English ship [SIp]
t		t	`t`	voiceless alveolar plosive	English stew [stju:], French raté [Ra'te], Spanish tuyo ['tujo]
ts)		t͡s or ʦ	`t͡s` or `ʦ`	voiceless alveolar affricate	Japanese tsunami [ts)Mnam;i]
ts\)		t͡ɕ or ʨ	`t͡ɕ` or `ʨ`	voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
tK)		t͡ɬ	`t͡ɬ`	voiceless alveolar lateral affricate	Nahuatl Nahuatl ['na:.watK)]
tS)		t͡ʃ or ʧ	`t͡ʃ` or `ʧ`	voiceless postalveolar affricate	English chat [tS)&t]
t`		ʈ	`ʈ`	voiceless retroflex plosive	Swedish mört [m2t`]
t_>		tʼ	`pʼ`	alveolar ejective plosive
T		θ	`θ`	voiceless dental fricative	English thin [TIn]
_t		̤	`̤`	breathy voice
_T		̋ (or ˥)	`̋` (or `˥`)	extra high tone
u		u	`u`	close back rounded vowel	English boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su]
u\	}	ʉ	`ʉ`	close central rounded vowel	Swedish sju [{x\u\:]; AuE/NZE boot [bu\:t]
U		ʊ	`ʊ`	near-close near-back rounded vowel	English foot [fUt]
U\		ʊ¨	`ʊ¨`	Near-close central rounded vowel
v		v	`v`	voiced labiodental fricative	English vest [vEst], French voix [vwa]
v\ (or P)		see P
v_X		v̆	`v̆`	labiodental flap	Sika v̆oːtɛr [v_Xo:tEr]
v_X_+		v̟̆	`v̟̆`	bilabial flap
V		ʌ	`ʌ`	open-mid back unrounded vowel	RP English strut [str\Vt]
_v		̭	`̭`	voiced
w		w	`w`	labial-velar approximant	English west [wEst], French oui [wi]
W		ʍ	`ʍ`	voiceless labial-velar fricative	Scots when [WEn]
_w		ʷ	`ʷ`	labialized
x		x	`x`	voiceless velar fricative	Scots loch [lQx]; German Loch, Dach; Spanish caja, gestión
x\		ɧ	`ɧ`	voiceless palatal-velar fricative	Swedish sjal [x\A:l]
X		χ	`χ`	voiceless uvular fricative	Klallam sχaʔqʷaʔ [sXa?q_wa?]
X\		ħ	`ħ`	voiceless pharyngeal fricative	Arabic <ح>ha’ [X\A:]
_x		̽	`̽`	mid-centralized
_X		̆	`̆`	extra-short
y		y	`y`	close front rounded vowel	French tu [ty] German über ['y:b6]
Y		ʏ	`ʏ`	near-close near-front rounded vowel	German hübsch [hYpS]
z		z	`z`	voiced alveolar fricative	English zoo [zu:], French azote [a'zOt]
z`		ʐ	`ʐ`	voiced retroflex fricative	Mandarin Chinese rang [z`aN], Polish żart [z`a4t]
z\		ʑ	`ʑ`	voiced alveolo-palatal fricative	Polish źrebak ['z\rEbak], Japanese gaikokujin [gaikokMz\i~N\]
Z		ʒ	`ʒ`	voiced postalveolar fricative	English vision ['vIZ@n]
_0		̥	`̥`	voiceless
1 (or i\)	1 (only)	see i\
2		ø	`ø`	close-mid front rounded vowel	Danish købe ['k2:b@], French deux [d2]
3		ɜ	`ɜ`	open-mid central unrounded vowel	English nurse [n3:s] (RP) or [n3`s] (Gen.Am.)
3\		ɞ	`ɞ`	open-mid central rounded vowel	Irish tomhail [t3\:l;]
4		ɾ	`ɾ`	alveolar flap	Spanish pero ['pe4o], American English better ['bE4@`]
5		ɫ	`ɫ`	velarized alveolar lateral approximant; also see _e	English milk [mI5k]
6		ɐ	`ɐ`	near-open central vowel	German besser ['bEs6], Australian English mud [m6d]
7		ɤ	`ɤ`	close-mid back unrounded vowel	Estonian kõik [k7ik], Vietnamese mo [m7_M]
8		ɵ	`ɵ`	close-mid central rounded vowel	Swedish buss [b8s]
9		œ	`œ`	open-mid front rounded vowel	French neuf [n9f], Danish drømme [dR9m@]
_\		ˆ	`ˆ`	falling tone
!		↓	`↓`	downstep
!\		!	`!`	postalveolar click
" (or ')	" (only)	see '
_"		̈	`̈`	centralized
% (or ,)	% (only)	see ,
&	{	æ	`æ`	near-open front unrounded vowel	English trap [tr\&p]
&\	&	ɶ	`ɶ`	open front rounded vowel	Swedish skörd [x\&\d`]
' (or ")	"	ˈ	`ˈ`	primary stress
*				undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor"
_+		̟	`̟`	advanced
, (or %)	%	ˌ	`ˌ`	secondary stress
-				separator
-\		‿	`‿`	linking mark
_-		̠	`̠`	retracted
.		.	`.`	syllable break
/				indeterminacy in French vowels
:		ː	`ː`	long
:\		ˑ	`ˑ`	half long	Estonian differentiates three [[../../Intermediate/Sounds/Phones#Vowels\|vowel lengths]]
; (or _j)	' (or _j)	ʲ	`ʲ`	palatalized
<				begin nonsegmental notation (e.g., SAMPROSA)
<\		ʢ	`ʢ`	voiced epiglottal fricative
_<				implosive (IPA uses separate symbols for implosives)
= (or _=)		̩	`̩`	syllabic
=\		ǂ	`ǂ`	palatal click
>				end nonsegmental notation
>\		ʡ	`ʡ`	epiglottal plosive
>\:		Я	`Я`	epiglottal trill
>\_X		ʡ̯	`ʡ̯`	epiglottal flap
_>		ʼ	`ʼ`	ejective
?		ʔ	`ʔ`	glottal stop	Danish stød [sd2?], Cockney English bottle ['bQ?l]
?\		ʕ	`ʕ`	voiced pharyngeal fricative	Arabic ع (`ayn) [?\Ajn]
_?\		ˤ	`ˤ`	pharyngealized
@		Ə	`Ə`	schwa	English arena [@'r\i:n@]
@\		ɘ	`ɘ`	close-mid central unrounded vowel	Paici kɘ̄ɾɘ [k@\_M4@\_M]
^		↑	`↑`	upstep
_^		̯	`̯`	non-syllabic
`		˞	`˞`	rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants (IPA uses separate symbols for consonants, see t` for an example)
\|		\|	`\|`	minor (foot) group
\|\		ǀ	`ǀ`	dental click
\|\|		‖	`‖`	major (intonation) group
\|\\|\		ǁ	`ǁ`	alveolar lateral click
_}		̚	`̚`	no audible release
~ (or _~)		̃	`̃`	nasalization