Switching from macOS to Linux/System Preferences (Desktop)
The following is a list of some of Apple's System Preference Panes and where you will be able to find the same settings in Ubuntu Desktop. Most of them are self explanatory and are available in Ubuntu Desktop "System Settings" application, which is found in the Dock or in the Gear menu at the top right of the screen.
Date & TimeEdit
DesktopEdit
Desktop BackgroundEdit
"System Settings", "Appearance" to set the background image.
ScreensaverEdit
"System Settings", "Brightness & Lock" to set the lock time and password requirements.
Ubuntu's ships with only one basic screensaver that locks the screen. If you want a more screensaver follow these screensaver installation instructions.
DisplaysEdit
ResolutionEdit
"System Settings", "Display" to change resolution. The big difference between this and Mac is that you have to click "Apply" to actually change the resolution. This won't be obvious if you install Ubuntu in a VM that has a very small screen size (800 x 600) because you won't be able to see the "Apply" button.
BrightnessEdit
ColorEdit
Night ShiftEdit
DockEdit
The Ubuntu Dock is called the Launcher.
"System Settings", "Appearance", "Look" tab allows you set it's size. The "Behavior" tab allows you to Auto-hide the Launcher. There are other ways to configure the Launcher appearance.
Energy SaverEdit
Sleep displayEdit
"System Settings", "Brightness & Lock" to set the lock time.
Sleep computerEdit
"System Settings", "Power" allows you to suspend the computer, but I'm not sure what that means.
Sleep hard drivesEdit
I don't see settings for this.
Wake for Network AccessEdit
Start up after power failureEdit
Power NapEdit
Power On/WakeEdit
Power Off/SleepEdit
ExtensionsEdit
GeneralEdit
Default Web browserEdit
"System Settings", "Details" pane, "Default Applications" tab allows you to change the default web browser, email, calendar, music, video, and photo applications.
KeyboardEdit
Key Repeat & Delay Until RepeatEdit
"System Settings", "Keyboard"
Modifier KeysEdit
TextEdit
ShortcutsEdit
"System Settings", "Keyboard"
Input SourcesEdit
"System Settings", "Text Entry"
DictationEdit
Add bluetooth deviceEdit
Mouse & TrackpadEdit
Scroll DirectionEdit
This seems to be a grey area. You can read about it here and here
Tracking SpeedEdit
"System Settings", "Mouse & Trackpad"
Add bluetooth deviceEdit
NetworkEdit
Printers & ScannersEdit
"System Settings", "Printers".
Security & PrivacyEdit
Screensaver PasswordEdit
"System Settings", "Brightness & Lock"