Spanish/Tenses/Indicative/Perfect/Present

	-AR / -ER / -IR
	conjugation	example	translation
	-AR / -ER / -IR	hablar	to speak
Yo	he + past participle	he hablado	I have spoken
Tú	has + past participle	has hablado	You have spoken
Él	ha + past participle	ha hablado	He has spoken
Nosotros	hemos + past participle	hemos hablado	We have spoken
Vosotros	habéis + past participle	habéis hablado	You all have spoken
Ellos	han + past participle	han hablado	They have spoken

Some things to note:

1. This tense (and all perfect tenses) uses a form of the irregular helping verb haber (meaning to have done). As this is the present perfect indicative, it takes the simple present indicative form of haber.
2. The past participle of a regular verb is formed by adding -ado to the stem of an -AR verb, and -ido to the stem of an -ER or -IR verb.
3. As the structure for this tense is a form of haber with the past participle, there are no irregular verbs in this tense. Any irregularity would come from a verb with an irregular past participle, but the haber + past participle structure still holds true.
4. While the past participle is oftentimes the same word as the adjective form of a verb (las palabras habladas - the spoken words), the past participle itself is not an adjective, and therefore does not have to "agree" with the subject. Regardless of the subject's gender or number, the past participle remains the same. Ellas han hablado, NOT ellas han habladas.
5. Be careful not to confuse the past participle with the gerund. He hablado, not he hablando.