Spanish/Personal pronouns
< Spanish
Spanish has six different type of pronouns, the 1./2./3. person singular and the 1./2./3. person plural:
1. singular | yo | I | ||||
2. singular | tú | you (one person, informal) | usted | you (one person, formal) | ||
3. singular | él | he, it | ella | she, it | ||
1. plural | nosotros | we (at least one male) | nosotras | we (only females) | ||
2. plural | vosotros | you (several persons, at least one male, informal, only used in Spain) | vosotras | you (several persons, only females, informal, only used in Spain) | ustedes | you (several persons; in Spain it's formal, in Latin America ustedes is the only pronoun of second person plural). |
3. plural | ellos | they (at least one male) | ellas | they (only female) |
- It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say yo estoy bien but estoy bien, and you ask ¿Cómo se llama? instead of ¿Cómo se llama usted?) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
- As indicated above, in most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the "vosotros" form is almost never used.
Exercise: Personal Pronouns