Sardinian/Printable version
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Alphabet
It's a typical Latin-derived alphabet, as follows
- A (A)
- B (Bi)
- C (Ci)
- D (Di)
- E (E)
- F (Efa)
- G (Gi)
- H (Aca)
- I (I)
- J (Jota)
- K (Kappa)
- L (Ella)
- M (Emma)
- N (Enna)
- O (O)
- P (Pi)
- R (Erra)
- S (Essa)
- T (Ti)
- TZ (Zeta surda)
- U (U)
- V (Vu)
- X (Ìchisi)
- Z (Zeta sonora)
Pronounce
One of the major complications is the difference between the written form and the spoken one, given one must follow specific rules: it is important to mention at least some in the generality of cases.
It is highly recommended to learn as reported below, since the actual pronunciation of what is written shall be taken for granted.
Articles
Definite edit
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | Su = the | Sos = the |
Feminine | Sa = the | Sas = the |
Indefinite edit
Masculine | Feminine |
---|---|
Unu = a | Una = a |
Prepositions
Prepositions go before a noun, pronoun, adjective or verb to indicate their function in a sentence; and may be simple, contracted or improper.
Simple prepositions edit
- A = to
- Chin o Cun = with
- De = of
- Dae = from / by
- In = in
- Pro = because of / to
- Tra = between / among
- Peri = towards
Contracted prepositions edit
These are generally formed by simple prepositions + the definite article.
- A su / sa ; A sos / sas
- Chin su / sa ; Chin sos / sas
- De su / sa ; De sos / sas
- Dae su / sa ; Dae sos / sas
- In su / sa ; In sos / sas
Improper prepositions edit
- Sutta = under / beneath / below
- Supra = above
- Sicunde = according to
- Chentza = without
- Francu = with the exception of
Prepositional phrases edit
- In fattu [de] = behind
- Finas / Fintzas [a] = until
- Prima [de] = before
- [a] Pustis [de] = after
- [a] Curtzu [de] = near / close to
- [in] S'oru [de] = near to the edge of
- Attesu [dae] = far (away) from
- Innedda [dae] = far (away) from
- [a] Largu [dae] = far (away) from
- Paris [chin] = together with
- Affaccu [de] = next to
- [a] Costazu [de] = next to
- Contr'[a] = against
- [a] Cara [de] = before / in front of
- Fora [de] = out of / outside of
- Intro [de] = inside / within
- [in] Cambiu [de] = in exchange for / in return for
- Imbetzes [de] = instead of
- Because of the abovementioned pronunciation rules, the pronunciation of the prepositions is as follows:
- A ssu / ssa ; A ssos / ssas
- Chi' ssu / ssa ; Chi' ssos / ssas
- De ssos / ssas ; De ssos / ssas
- Dae su / sa ; Dae sos / sas
- I' ssu / ssa ; I' ssos / ssas
- I 'ffattu 'e ...
- Affacch 'e ...
- In spoken form, when in o chin are bound to the indefinite article unu / -a, a -d is added.
- Cantande ind unu tzilleri (Singing in a bar)
- Fipo chind un'amica (I was with a friend)
- In spoken form, the -D of De often is not pronounced; so that the preposition becomes 'e.
Cardinal numbers
- Unu = 1
- Duos = 2
- Tres = 3
- Battor = 4
- Chimbe = 5
- Ses = 6
- Sette = 7
- Otto = 8
- Nove = 9
- Deche = 10
- Undichi = 11
- Doichi = 12
- Treichi = 13
- Battordichi = 14
- Bindichi = 15
- Seichi = 16
- Dechessette = 17
- Decheotto = 18
- Dechennove = 19
- Binti = 20
- Bintunu = 21
- Bintiduos = 22
- Bintitres = 23
...
- Trinta = 30
- Trintunu = 31
- Trintaduos = 32
- Trintatres = 33
...
- Baranta = 40
- Barantunu = 41
- Barantaduos = 42
- Barantatres = 43
...
- Chimbanta = 50
- Chimbantunu = 51
- Chimbantaduos = 52
- Chimbantatres = 53
...
- Sessanta = 60
- Sessantunu = 61
- Sessantaduos = 62
- Sessantatres = 63
...
- Settanta = 70
- Settantunu = 71
- Settantaduos = 72
- Settantatres = 73
...
- Ottanta = 80
- Ottantunu = 81
- Ottantaduos = 82
- Ottantatres = 83
...
- Novanta = 90
- Novantunu = 91
- Novantaduos = 92
- Novantatres = 93
...
- Chentu = 100
- Chent'e unu = 101
- Chent'e duos = 102
- Chent'e tres = 103
- Chentuchimbantunu = 151
- Duchentos/-as = 200
- Duchentos/-as e unu/-a = 201
- Duchentos/-as e duos/-as = 202
- Duchentos/-as e tres = 203
- Duchentos/-as bintitres = 223
- Trechentos/-as = 300
- Battochentos/-as = 400
- Chimbichentos/-as == 500
- Seschentos/-as = 600
- Settechentos/-as = 700
- Ottochentos/-as = 800
- Novechentos/-as = 900
- Milli = 1000
- Mill'e unu/-a = 1001
- Mill'e duos/-as = 1002
- Duamiza = 2000
- Tremiza = 3000
- Battomiza = 4000
- Chimbemiza = 5000
- Semiza = 6000
- Settemiza = 7000
- Ottomiza = 8000
- Novemiza = 9000
- Dechemiza = 10000
- Doichimiza = 12000
- Bintunamiza e deche = 21010
Ordinal numbers
Ordinal numbers serving as adjectives edit
- Primu/-a = first
- Sicundu/-a = second
- Tertzu/-a = third
- Cuartu/-a = fourth
- Cuìntu/-a = fifth
- Sestu/-a = sixth
- Sèttimu/-a = seventh
- Ottavu/-a = eighth
- Nonu/-a = ninth
- Décimu/-a = tenth
Ordinal numbers serving as pronouns edit
- Su 'e unu = the first
- Su 'e duos = the second
- Su 'e tres = the third
- Su 'e battor = the fourth
- Su 'e chimbe = the fifth
- Su 'e ses = the sixth
- Su 'e binti = the twentieth
- Su 'e bintunu = the twenty-first
- Su 'e bintiduos = the twenty-second
- Su 'e trinta = the twenty-third
- Su 'e chentu = the one hundredth
- Su 'e milli = the one thousandth
Verbs
Sardinian has the following moods and tenses:
Indicative | Subjunctive | Conditional | Imperative | Infinitive | Participle | Gerund |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
• Present • Imperfect • Preterite♦ • Present Perfect • Past Perfect • Future • Future Perfect |
•Present •Imperfect •Past •Pluperfect |
•Present •Past |
•Present •Future |
•Present •Past |
•Present♦♦ •Past |
•Present •Past |
Verbs/Conjugation of ÈSSER
Indicative edit
Present edit
- Deo so
- Tue ses
- Issu/Issa est
- Nois semus
- Bois sezis
- Issos/Issas sun
Imperfect edit
- Deo fippo
- Tue fis
- Issu/Issa fit
- Nois fimus
- Bois fizis
- Issos/Issas fin
Present Perfect edit
- Deo so istau/-da
- Tue ses istau/-da
- Issu/Issa est istau/-da
- Nois semus istaos/-das
- Bois sezis istaos/-das
- Issos/Issas sun istaos/-das
Past Perfect edit
- Deo fippo istau/-da
- Tue fis istau/-da
- Issu/Issa fit istau/-da
- Nois fimus istaos/-das
- Bois fizis istaos/-das
- Issos/Issas fin istaos/-das
Future edit
- Deo app'a esser
- Tue as a esser
- Issu/Issa at a esser
- Nois amus a esser
- Bois azes a esser
- Issos/Issas an a esser
Future Perfect edit
- Deo app'a esser istau/-da
- Tue as a esser istau/-da
- Issu/Issa at a esser istau/-da
- Nois amus a esser istaos/-das
- Bois azes a esser istaos/-das
- Issos/Issas an a esser istaos/-das
Subjunctive edit
Present edit
- (Chi) Deo sìa
- (Chi) Tue sìas
- (Chi) Issu/Issa sìat
- (Chi) Nois siàmus
- (Chi) Bois siàzes
- (Chi) Issos/Issas sìan
Imperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo (es)sèrepo
- (Chi) Tue (es)sères
- (Chi) Issu/Issa (es)sèret
- (Chi) Nois (es)sèremus
- (Chi) Bois (es)sèrezes
- (Chi) Issos (es)sèren
Past edit
- (Chi) Deo sìa istau/-da
- (Chi) Tue sìas istau/-da
- (Chi) Issu/Issa sìat istau/-da
- (Chi) Nois siàmus istaos/-das
- (Chi) Bois siàzes istaos/-das
- (Chi) Issos/Issas sìan istaos/-das
Pluperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo (es)sèrepo istau/-da
- (Chi) Tue (es)sères istau/-da
- (Chi) Issu/Issa (es)sèret istau/-da
- (Chi) Nois (es)sèremus istaos/-das
- (Chi) Bois (es)sèrezes istaos/-das
- (Chi) Issos (es)sèren istaos/-das
Conditional edit
Present edit
- Deo dìo esser
- Tue dìas esser
- Issu/Issa dìat esser
- Nois diàmus esser
- Bois diàzes esser
- Issos/Issas dìan esser
Past edit
- Deo dìo esser istau/-da
- Tue dìas esser istau/-da
- Issu/Issa dìat esser istau/-da
- Nois diàmus esser istaos/-das
- Bois diàzes esser istaos/-das
- Issos/Issas dìan esser istaos/-das
Imperative edit
Present edit
- Sìas (tue!)
- Sìat (issu / issa!)
- Siàmus (nois!)
- Siàzes (bois!)
- Sìan (issos / issas!)
Future edit
- As a esser (tue!)
- At a esser (issu / issa!)
- Amus a esser (nois!)
- Azes a esser (bois!)
- An a esser (issos / issas!)
Infinitive edit
Present edit
- Èsser
Past edit
- Èsser istau/-da
Participle edit
Istau/-da ; Istaos/-das
Gerund edit
Present edit
- (Es)sende
Past edit
- (Es)sende istau/-da ; (Es)sende istaos/-das
Verbs/Conjugation of other auxiliary verbs
ÁER (To have) edit
Indicative edit
Present edit
- Deo appo
- Tue as
- Issu/Issa at
- Nois amus
- Bois azes
- Issos/Issas an
Imperfect edit
- Deo aìo
- Tue aìas
- Issu/Issa aìat
- Nois abamus, ajabamus
- Bois abazes, ajabazes
- Issos aìan
Present Perfect edit
- Deo app'àppiu
- Tue as àppiu
- Issu/Issa at àppiu
- Nois amus àppiu
- Bois azes àppiu
- Issos/Issas an àppiu
Past Perfect edit
- Deo aìo àppiu
- Tue aìas àppiu
- Issu/Issa aìat àppiu
- Nois abamus àppiu
- Bois abazes àppiu
- Issos/Issas aìan àppiu
Future edit
- Deo app'àer
- Tue as' àer
- Issu/Issa at' àer
- Nois amus' àer
- Bois azes' àer
- Issos/Issas an' àer
Future Perfect edit
- Deo app'àer àppiu
- Tue as' àer àppiu
- Issu/Issa at' àer àppiu
- Nois amus' àer àppiu
- Bois azes' àer àppiu
- Issos/Issas an' àer àppiu
Subjunctive edit
Present edit
- (Chi) Deo appa
- (Chi) Tue appas
- (Chi) Issu/Issa appat
- (Chi) Nois appamus
- (Chi) Bois appazes
- (Chi) Issos/Issas appan
Imperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo aèrepo
- (Chi) Tue aères
- (Chi) Issu/Issa aèret
- (Chi) Nois aerèmus
- (Chi) Bois aerèzes
- (Chi) Issos/Issas aèren
Past edit
- (Chi) Deo app'àppiu
- (Chi) Tue appas àppiu
- (Chi) Issu/Issa appat àppiu
- (Chi) Nois appamus àppiu
- (Chi) Bois appazes àppiu
- (Chi) Issos/Issas appan àppiu
Pluperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo aèrep' àppiu
- (Chi) Tue aères àppiu
- (Chi) Issu/Issa aèret àppiu
- (Chi) Nois aerèmus àppiu
- (Chi) Bois aerèzes àppiu
- (Chi) Issos/Issas aèren àppiu
Conditional edit
Present edit
- Deo dìo àer
- Tue dìas àer
- Issu/Issa dìat àer
- Nois diàmus àer
- Bois diàzes àer
- Issos/Issas dìan àer
Past edit
- Deo dìo àer àppiu
- Tue dìas àer àppiu
- Issu/Issa dìat àer àppiu
- Nois diàmus àer àppiu
- Bois diàzes àer àppiu
- Issos/Issas dìan àer àppiu
Imperative edit
Present edit
- Appas (tue!)
- Appat (issu / issa!)
- Appamus (nois!)
- Appazes (bois!)
- Appan (issos / issas!)
Future edit
- As' àer (tue!)
- At' àer (issu / issa!)
- Amus' àer (nois!)
- Azes' àer (bois!)
- An' àer (issos / issas!)
Infinitive edit
Present edit
Áer
Past edit
Áer àppiu
Participle edit
Áppiu
Gerund edit
Present edit
Aènde
Past edit
Aènde àppiu
DÈPER (Must / To have to) edit
Indicative edit
Present edit
- Deo depo
- Tue depes or des
- Issu/Issa depet or det
- Nois depimus or demus
- Bois depies or dezis
- Issos/Issas depen or den
Imperfect edit
- Deo depìo or dìo
- Tue depìas or dìas
- Issu/Issa depìat or dìat
- Nois depiabàmus or diàmus
- Bois depiabàzes or diàzes
- Issos/Issas depìan or dìan
Present Perfect edit
- Deo appo dèpiu
- Tue as dèpiu
- Issu/Issa at dèpiu
- Nois amus dèpiu
- Bois azes dèpiu
- Issos/Issas an dèpiu
Past Perfect edit
- Deo aìo dèpiu
- Tue aìas dèpiu
- Issu/Issa aìat dèpiu
- Nois abamus dèpiu
- Bois abazes dèpiu
- Issos aìan dèpiu
Future edit
- Deo app' a deper
- Tue as a deper
- Issu/Issa at a deper
- Nois amus a deper
- Bois azes a deper
- Issos/Issas an a deper
Future Perfect edit
- Deo app' àer dèpiu
- Tue as' àer dèpiu
- Issu/Issa at' àer dèpiu
- Nois amus' àer dèpiu
- Bois azes' àer dèpiu
- Issos/Issas an' àer dèpiu
Subjunctive edit
Present edit
- (Chi) Deo depa
- (Chi) Tue depas
- (Chi) Issu/Issa depat
- (Chi) Nois depamus
- (Chi) Bois depazes
- (Chi) Issos/Issas depan
Imperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo dière
- (Chi) Tue dières
- (Chi) Issu/Issa dièret
- (Chi) Nois dierèmus
- (Chi) Bois dierèzes
- (Chi) Issos/Issas dièren
Past edit
- (Chi) Deo appa dèpiu
- (Chi) Tue appas dèpiu
- (Chi) Issu/Issa appat dèpiu
- (Chi) Nois appamus dèpiu
- (Chi) Bois appazes dèpiu
- (Chi) Issos/Issas appan dèpiu
Pluperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo aèrepo dèpiu
- (Chi) Tue aères dèpiu
- (Chi) Issu/Issa aèret dèpiu
- (Chi) Nois aerèmus dèpiu
- (Chi) Bois aerèzes dèpiu
- (Chi) Issos/Issas aèren dèpiu
Conditional edit
Present edit
- Deo dìo deper
- Tue dìas deper
- Issu/Issa dìat deper
- Nois diàmus deper
- Bois diàzes deper
- Issos/Issas dìan deper
Past edit
- Deo dìo àer dèpiu
- Tue dìas àer dèpiu
- Issu/Issa dìat àer dèpiu
- Nois diàmus àer dèpiu
- Bois diàzes àer dèpiu
- Issos/Issas dìan àer dèpiu
Imperative edit
Present edit
- Depas (tue!)
- Depat (issu / issa!)
- Depamus (nois!)
- Depazes (bois!)
- Depan (issos / issas!)
Future edit
- As a deper (tue!)
- At a deper (issu / issa!)
- Amus a deper (nois!)
- Azes a deper (bois!)
- An a deper (issos / issas!)
Infinitive edit
Present edit
Dèper
Past edit
Áer dèpiu
Participle edit
Dèpiu
Gerund edit
Present edit
Depende
Past edit
Aènde dèpiu
Verbs/All the three conjugations
FIRST CONJUGATION: verbs ending in ~ARE eg: Cantare (to sing / to chant) edit
Indicative edit
Present edit
- Deo cànto
- Tue càntas
- Issu/Issa càntat
- Nois cantàmus
- Bois cantàes
- Issos/Issas càntan
Imperfect edit
- Deo cantàbo
- Tue cantàbas
- Issu/Issa cantàbat
- Nois cantabàmus
- Bois cantabàzes
- Issos/Issas cantàban
Present Perfect edit
- Deo appo cantàu
- Tue as cantàu
- Issu/Issa at cantàu
- Nois amus cantàu
- Bois azes cantàu
- Issos/Issas an cantàu
Past Perfect edit
- Deo aìo cantàu
- Tue aìas cantàu
- Issu/Issa aìat cantàu
- Nois abamus cantàu
- Bois abazes cantàu
- Issos/Issas aìan cantàu
Future edit
- Deo app'a cantàre
- Tue as a cantàre
- Issu/Issa at a cantàre
- Nois amus a cantàre
- Bois azes a cantàre
- Issos/Issas an a cantàre
Future Perfect edit
- Deo app'àer cantàu
- Tue as' àer cantàu
- Issu/Issa at' àer cantàu
- Nois amus' àer cantàu
- Bois azes' àer cantàu
- Issos/Issas an' àer cantàu
Subjunctive edit
Present edit
- (Chi) Deo cànte
- (Chi) Tue càntes
- (Chi) Issu/Issa càntet
- (Chi) Nois cantémus
- (Chi) Bois cantézas
- (Chi) Issos/Issas cànten
Imperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo cantàrepo
- (Chi) Tue cantàres
- (Chi) Issu/Issa cantàret
- (Chi) Nois cantarémus
- (Chi) Bois cantarézes
- (Chi) Issos/Issas cantàren
Past edit
- (Chi) Deo appa cantàu
- (Chi) Tue appas cantàu
- (Chi) Issu/Issa appat cantàu
- (Chi) Nois appamus cantàu
- (Chi) Bois appazes cantàu
- (Chi) Issos/Issas appan cantàu
Pluperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo aèrepo cantàu
- (Chi) Tue aères cantàu
- (Chi) Issu/Issa aèret cantàu
- (Chi) Nois aerémus cantàu
- (Chi) Bois aerèzes cantàu
- (Chi) Issos/Issas aèren cantàu
Conditional edit
Present edit
- Deo dìo cantàre
- Tue dìas cantàre
- Issu/Issa dìat cantàre
- Nois diàmus cantàre
- Bois diàzes cantàre
- Issos/Issas dìan cantàre
Past edit
- Deo dìo àer cantàu
- Tue dìas àer cantàu
- Issu/Issa dìat àer cantàu
- Nois diàmus àer cantàu
- Bois diàzes àer cantàu
- Issos/Issas dìan àer cantàu
Imperative edit
Present edit
- Cànta (tue!)
- Càntet (issu / issa!)
- Cantémus (nois!)
- Cantàe (bois!)
- Cànten (issos / issas!)
Future edit
- As a cantàre (tue!)
- At a cantàre (issu / issa!)
- Amus a cantàre (nois!)
- Azes a cantàre (bois!)
- An a cantàre (issos / issas!)
Infinitive edit
Present edit
Cantàre
Past edit
Áer cantàu
Participle edit
Cantàu
Gerund edit
Present edit
Cantànde
Past edit
Aènde cantàu
SECOND CONJUGATION: verbs ending in ~ER eg: FÀCHER (to do / to make) edit
Indicative edit
Present edit
- Deo fàco
- Tue fàches
- Issu/Issa fàchet
- Nois fachìmus
- Bois fachìes
- Issos/Issas fàchen
Imperfect edit
- Deo fachìo
- Tue fachìas
- Issu/Issa fachìat
- Nois fachiabàmus
- Bois fachiabàzes
- Issos/Issas fachìan
Present Perfect edit
- Deo appo fàttu
- Tue as fàttu
- Issu/Issa at fàttu
- Nois amus fàttu
- Bois azes fàttu
- Issos/Issas an fàttu
Past Perfect edit
- Deo aìo fàttu
- Tue aìas fàttu
- Issu/Issa aìat fàttu
- Nois abamus fàttu
- Bois abazes fàttu
- Issos aìan fàttu
Future edit
- Deo app' a fàcher
- Tue as a fàcher
- Issu/Issa at a fàcher
- Nois amus a fàcher
- Bois azes a fàcher
- Issos/Issas an a fàcher
Future Perfect edit
- Deo app' àer fàttu
- Tue as' àer fàttu
- Issu/Issa at' àer fàttu
- Nois amus' àer fàttu
- Bois azes' àer fàttu
- Issos/Issas an' àer fàttu
Subjunctive edit
Present edit
- (Chi) Deo fàca
- (Chi) Tue fàcas
- (Chi) Issu/Issa fàcat
- (Chi) Nois facàmus
- (Chi) Bois facàzes
- (Chi) Issos/Issas fàcan
Imperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo fachérepo
- (Chi) Tue fachéres
- (Chi) Issu/Issa fachéret
- (Chi) Nois facherémus
- (Chi) Bois facherézes
- (Chi) Issos/Issas fachéren
Past edit
- (Chi) Deo appa fàttu
- (Chi) Tue appas fàttu
- (Chi) Issu/Issa appat fàttu
- (Chi) Nois appamus fàttu
- (Chi) Bois appazes fàttu
- (Chi) Issos/Issas appan fàttu
Pluperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo aèrepo fàttu
- (Chi) Tue aères fàttu
- (Chi) Issu/Issa aèret fàttu
- (Chi) Nois aerèmus fàttu
- (Chi) Bois aerèzes fàttu
- (Chi) Issos/Issas aèren fàttu
Conditional edit
Present edit
- Deo dìo fàcher
- Tue dìas fàcher
- Issu/Issa dìat fàcher
- Nois diàmus fàcher
- Bois diàzes fàcher
- Issos/Issas dìan fàcher
Past edit
- Deo dìo àer fàttu
- Tue dìas àer fàttu
- Issu/Issa dìat àer fàttu
- Nois diàmus àer fàttu
- Bois diàzes àer fàttu
- Issos/Issas dìan àer fàttu
Imperative edit
Present edit
- Fàche (tue!)
- Fàcat (issu / issa!)
- Facàmus (nois!)
- Fachìe (bois!)
- Fàcan (issos / issas!)
Future edit
- As a fàcher (tue!)
- At a fàcher (issu / issa!)
- Amus a fàcher (nois!)
- Azes a fàcher (bois!)
- An a fàcher (issos / issas!)
Infinitive edit
Present edit
Fàcher
Past edit
Áer fàttu
Participle edit
Fàttu
Gerund edit
Present edit
Fachénde
Past edit
Aènde fàttu
THIRD CONJUGATION: verbs ending in ~ÌRE eg: FINÌRE (to end / to finish) edit
Indicative edit
Present edit
- Deo fìno
- Tue fìnis
- Issu/Issa fìnit
- Nois finìmus
- Bois finìes
- Issos/Issas fìnin
Imperfect edit
- Deo finìo
- Tue finìas
- Issu/Issa finìat
- Nois finiabàmus
- Bois finiabàzes
- Issos/Issas finìan
Present Perfect edit
- Deo appo finìu
- Tue as finìu
- Issu/Issa at finìu
- Nois amus finìu
- Bois azes finìu
- Issos/Issas an finìu
Past Perfect edit
- Deo aìo finìu
- Tue aìas finìu
- Issu/Issa aìat finìu
- Nois abamus finìu
- Bois abazes finìu
- Issos/Issas aìan finìu
Future edit
- Deo app'a finìre
- Tue as a finìre
- Issu/Issa at a finìre
- Nois amus a finìre
- Bois azes a finìre
- Issos/Issas an a finìre
Future Perfect edit
- Deo app'àer finìu
- Tue as' àer finìu
- Issu/Issa at' àer finìu
- Nois amus' àer finìu
- Bois azes' àer finìu
- Issos/Issas an' àer finìu
Subjunctive edit
Present edit
- (Chi) Deo fìna
- (Chi) Tue fìnas
- (Chi) Issu/Issa fìnat
- (Chi) Nois finàmus
- (Chi) Bois finàzes
- (Chi) Issos/Issas fìnan
Imperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo finìrepo
- (Chi) Tue finìres
- (Chi) Issu/Issa finìret
- (Chi) Nois finirémus
- (Chi) Bois finirézes
- (Chi) Issos/Issas finìren
Past edit
- (Chi) Deo appa finìu
- (Chi) Tue appas finìu
- (Chi) Issu/Issa appat finìu
- (Chi) Nois appamus finìu
- (Chi) Bois appazes finìu
- (Chi) Issos/Issas appan finìu
Pluperfect edit
- (Chi) Deo aèrepo finìu
- (Chi) Tue aères finìu
- (Chi) Issu/Issa aèret finìu
- (Chi) Nois aerémus finìu
- (Chi) Bois aerèzes finìu
- (Chi) Issos/Issas aèren finìu
Conditional edit
Present edit
- Deo dìo finìre
- Tue dìas finìre
- Issu/Issa dìat finìre
- Nois diàmus finìre
- Bois diàzes finìre
- Issos/Issas dìan finìre
Past edit
- Deo dìo àer finìu
- Tue dìas àer finìu
- Issu/Issa dìat àer finìu
- Nois diàmus àer finìu
- Bois diàzes àer finìu
- Issos/Issas dìan àer finìu
Imperative edit
Present edit
- Fìni (tue!)
- Fìnat (issu / issa!)
- Finàmus (nois!)
- Finìe (bois!)
- Fìnan (issos / issas!)
Future edit
- As a finìre (tue!)
- At a finìre (issu / issa!)
- Amus a finìre (nois!)
- Azes a finìre (bois!)
- An a finìre (issos / issas!)
Infinitive edit
Present edit
Finìre
Past edit
Áer finìu
Participle edit
Finìu
Gerund edit
Present edit
Finìnde
Past edit
Aènde finìu
Verbs/Irregular verbs
A edit
- APÈRRER (to open)
- Other verbs such as copèrrer, iscopèrrer etc. are to be conjugated just like this one.
- IND.(PRES.): deo apérjo, tue apéris, issu/-a apérit, nois aperímus, bois aperíes, issos/-as apérin
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo aperío, tue aperías etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo apérja, (chi) tue apérjas etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): apèri (tue!), aperíe (bois!)
- PART.(PAST): apértu
- GER.(PRES.): aperìnde
- ANDÀRE (to go)
- IMPER.(PRES.): bàe (tue!), bàzze (bois!)
B edit
- BÀLER (to be worth)
- IND.(PRES.): deo bàzo, tue bàles, issu/-a bàlet, nois balímus, bois balíes, issos/-as bàlen
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo balío, tue balías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo bàza, (chi) tue bàzas, (chi) issu/-a bàzat, etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): bàle (tue!), balíe (bois!)
- PART.(PAST): bàfiu
- GER.(PRES.): balénde
- BÈNNER (to come)
- Other verbs such as cumbènner, imbènner, prebènner, etc. are to be conjugated just like this one.
- IND.(PRES.): deo bénzo, tue bénis, issu/-a bénit, nois benìmus, bois beníes, issos/-as bènin
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo benío, tue benías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo bénza, (chi) tue bénzas, (chi) issu/-a bénzat, etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): béni (tue!), beníe (bois!)
- PART.(PAST): bènniu
- GER.(PRES.): benìnde
- BÍER (to see)
- IND.(PRES.): deo bìo, tue bìes, issu/-a bìet, nois (b)idímus, bois (b)idíes, issos/-as bìen
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo bidío, tue bidías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo bìa, (chi) tue bìas, (chi) issu/-a bìat, etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): bìe (tue!), (b)idíe (bois!)
- PART.(PAST): bìdu oppure bìstu
- GER.(PRES.): biénde
- BÒLER (to want)
- IND.(PRES.): deo bòzo, tue bòles, issu/-a bòlet, nois bolímus, bois bolíes, issos/-as bòlen
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo bolío, tue bolías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo bòza, (chi) tue bòzas, (chi) issu/-a bòzat, etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): bòle (tue!), bolíe (bois!)
- PART.(PAST): bòfiu
- GER.(PRES.): bolénde
C edit
- CHÉRRER (to want)
- IND.(PRES.): deo chérjo, tue chéres, issu/-a chéret, nois cherìmus, bois cheríes, issos/-as chéren
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo cherío, tue cherías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo chérja, (chi) tue chérjas, (chi) issu/-a chérjat, etc.
- PART.(PAST): chérfiu
- GER.(PRES.): cherénde
D edit
- DÀRE (to give)
- IND.(PRES.): deo dào, tue dàes, issu/-a dàet, nois dàmus, bois dàzes, issos/-as dàen
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo dàbo oppure daío, tue dàbas oppure daías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo día, (chi) tue días, (chi) issu/-a díat, (chi) nois diàmus, (chi) bois diàzes, (chi) issos/-as dían
- IMPER.(PRES.): dàe (tue!), dàze (bois!)
- DÉPER (must / to have to)
- Here is the conjugation of this verb in particular.
- DÒLER (to hurt)
- The conjugation is regular, with the exception of PART.(PAST) which is dòrfiu.
E edit
F edit
- FÉRRER (to wound)
- Other verbs such as offérrer, preférrer, reférrer etc. are to be conjugated just like this one.
- IND.(PRES.): deo férjo, tue féris, issu/-a férit, nois ferìmus, bois feríes, issos/-as férin
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo ferío, tue ferías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo férja, (chi) tue férjas, (chi) issu/-a férjat, etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): féri (tue!), feríe (bois!)
- PART.(PAST): fértu
- GER.(PRES.): ferìnde
G edit
H edit
I edit
- ISTÈRRER (to extend)
- IND.(PRES.): deo istèrjo, tue isterres, issu/-a isterret, nois isterrímus, bois isterríes, issos/-as isterren
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo isterrío, tue isterrías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo istèrja, (chi) tue istèrjas, (chi) issu/-a istèrjat, etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): isterre (tue!), isterríe (bois!)
L edit
M edit
- MANTÈNNER (to maintain)
- This verb is to be conjugated just like TÈNNER, with the exception of the PART.(PAST) which is mantésu.
- MÒRRER (to die)
- IND.(PRES.): deo mòrjo, tue mòris, issu/-a mòrit, nois mòrimus, bois mòríes, issos/-as mòrin
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo morío, tue morías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo mòrja, (chi) tue mòrjas, (chi) issu/-a mòrjat, etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): mòri (tue!), moríe (bois!)
- PART.(PAST): mòrtu
- GER.(PRES.): morìnde
N edit
- NÀRRER (to say)
- This verb is particular, in that it belongs to the second conjugation just for the INF.(PRES.); all of the other moods seem to belong to the first one.
- IND.(PRES.): deo nàro, tue nàras, issu/-a nàrat, nois nàramus, bois nàraes, issos/-as nàran
or even
deo nàro, tue nàs, issu/-a nàt, nois nàmus, bois nàzes, issos/-as nàn - IND.(IMPERF.): deo nàbo, tue nàbas, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo nìe, (chi) tue nìes, etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): nàra (tue!), nàze (bois!)
- PART.(PAST): naràu or even nàu
- GER.(PRES.): narànde or even nànde
- IND.(PRES.): deo nàro, tue nàras, issu/-a nàrat, nois nàramus, bois nàraes, issos/-as nàran
- This verb is particular, in that it belongs to the second conjugation just for the INF.(PRES.); all of the other moods seem to belong to the first one.
O edit
P edit
- PÀRRER (to seem)
- Other verbs such as appárrer, cumpárrer, iscumpárrer are to be conjugated just like this one.
- IND.(PRES.): deo pàrjo, tue pàres, issu/-a pàret, nois parìmus, bois paríes, issos/-as pàren
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo parío, tue parías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo pàrja, (chi) tue pàrjas, (chi) issu/-a pàrjat, etc.
- PART.(PAST): pàrtu
- PÒDER (can)
- IND.(PRES.): deo pòtto, tue pòdes, issu/-a pòdet, nois podìmus, bois podíes, issos/-as pòden
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo podío, tue podías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo pòda, (chi) tue pòdas, (chi) issu/-a pòdat, etc.
- PART.(PAST): pòttiu
- PÒNNER (to put)
- Other verbs such as cumpònner, dispònner, impònner, propònner etc. are to be conjugated just like this one.
- IND.(PRES.): deo pònzo, tue pònes, issu/-a pònet, nois ponìmus, bois poníes, issos/-as pònen
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo ponío, tue ponías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo pònza, (chi) tue pònzas, (chi) issu/-a pònzat, etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): pòne (tue!), poníe (bois!)
- PART.(PAST): pòstu
- GER.(PRES.): ponénde
Q edit
R edit
S edit
T edit
- TÈNNER (to have)
- The following compound verbs are conjugated similarly: astènner, cuntènner, mantènner, trattènner, retènner, sustènner etc.
- IND.(PRES.): deo ténzo, tue ténes, issu/-a ténet, nois tenìmus, bois teníes, issos/-as ténen
- IND.(IMPERF.): deo tenío, tue tenías, etc.
- SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo ténza, (chi) tue ténzas, (chi) issu/-a ténzat, etc.
- IMPER.(PRES.): téne (tue!), teníe (bois!)
- PART.(PAST): téntu
- GER.(PRES.): tenénde
- TRATTÈNNER (to hold)
- This verb is to be conjugated just like TÈNNER, with the exception of the PART.(PAST) which is trattésu.
U edit
V edit
Z edit
Interjections
The most basic and common interjections are presented here :
- Ajò ! / archaically: Ajòni ! = Come on!
- Eja! = Yes!
- Emmo! = Yes!
- Alé! = Hooray! / Come on! (different from "Ajò"; "Alé" is more "Hooray" than "Come on")
- Ello...! = So...!
- Uff'! = Phew!
- Mah! =
- Oh...! = [vocative / to call someone, or in formulation of a question]
- Puh! / Putzidda! = Yuck!
- Bo'! = Enough! [often preceded by "puntu e"]
- Tittía! = It's cold! / What a cold! [often followed by da "bette frittu!", "bette astragu!", "su frittu chi b'at!" etc.]
- Pistidda! = [for burning sensation]
- Addolumannu! = Unfortunately! [ followed by the possessive to give references , eg. "addolumannu nostru!" or "unfortunately for us!"]
- Mudu! = Shit up! (to a boy/man)
- Muda! = Shit up! (to a girl/woman)
- Innorobona! = Good luck!
- Innoromala! = Go to hell!
- Arguai! = Woe! (in the sense of "woe betide him who ...")
- Iscuru! = Poor guy!
- Iscura! = Poor girl/woman!
- Pacubene! = [lamentation, sometimes followed by the possessive to give references , eg. "pacubene tuo!"]
- Mamma mea! / Ma' Mea! = Oh my!
- Oddeu'! / Oddé! = Yikes!
- Sa làstima! = What a pity! [often ironic ]
- Mancari! = If only... (literally "Maybe!")
- Malaittu / -a! = Cursed (be you/him/her/it) [sometimes followed by "chi siat / sian"]
- Raju! = Heck!, Wow!
- Archibusada! = Wow!
- Balla! = Wow!
- Bene! = Good!
- Marranu / -a! = [to taunt a victim to a duel]
- Zée...! / Cée...! = [exclamation of surprise, especially negative]
Colours, months and seasons
Dies (days) edit
Sa chida (the week) edit
Sardu | English |
---|---|
Lunis | Monday |
Martis | Tuesday |
Mércuris | Wednesday |
Jòbia | Thursday |
Chenàpura | Friday |
Sàpadu | Saturday |
Dumìnica | Sunday |
Festas (holidays) edit
Sardu | English |
---|---|
Prima di'e Annu | New Year's Day |
Pasca de sos tres Res | Epiphany |
Pasca de Frores | Pentecost/Whitsunday |
Mes'Agustu | Mid-August/feast of the assumption |
Pasca 'e Nadale | Christmas |
Pasca | Easter |
Meses (months) edit
Sardu | English |
---|---|
Jannàrju | January |
Freàrju | February |
Màrtu | March |
Aprìle | April |
Màju | May |
Làmpadas | June |
Trìbulas | July |
Agùstu | August |
Capidànne | September |
Santu Gabìne | October |
Sant'Andrìa | November |
Nadàle | December |
Istajones (seasons) edit
Sardu | English |
---|---|
Berànu | Spring |
Istíu | Summer |
Attùnzu | Fall/Autumn |
Ibèrru | Winter |
Colores (colours) edit
Sardu | English |
---|---|
Biancu (archaic: Arbu) | white |
Nigheddu | black |
Ruju | red |
Grogu | yellow |
Blu | blue |
Biaitu | azure / sky-blue |
Birde | green |
Aranzu | orange |
Tabachìnu | brown |
Murru | gray |
Rosa | pink |