Radiation Oncology/Radiobiology/Radioprotector

• Radioprotectors have been known to modify the damage of various radiations by radical scavenging, hydrogen transfer reactions, and mixed disulfide and endogenous nonprotein sulfhydryl mechanisms (PMID: 20413641)

Amifostine

• Amifostine (ethiofos) is a cytoprotective adjuvant used in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy involving DNA-binding chemotherapeutic agents
• Rasoul Yahyapour et al. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2018. Radiation Protection and Mitigation by Natural Antioxidants and Flavonoids: Implications to Radiotherapy and Radiation Disasters (PMID: 29921213):
  1. Amifostine, the first FDA approved radioprotector, has shown some toxicities that limit its usage and efficiency
  2. Due to these side effects, scientists have researched for other agents with less toxicity for better radioprotection and possible mitigation of the lethal effects of ionizing radiations after an accidental exposure
  3. Flavonoids have shown promising results for radioprotection and can be administered in higher doses with less toxicity
  4. Studies for mitigation of ionizing radiation-induced toxicities have concentrated on natural antioxidants
  5. Detoxification of free radicals, management of inflammatory responses and attenuation of apoptosis signaling pathways in radiosensitive organs are the main mechanisms for radiation protection and mitigation with flavonoids and natural antioxidants