Polish/Genitive case

The Genitive case in Polish language is used in the following situations:

  1. Indicates the object of a sentence.
    • Szukam mojego psa. - I am looking for my dog. (mojego psa is in genitive because it is the object of the sentence)
  2. Used after certain prepositions such as do, od, bez, dla, z, o, na, po, ku, przy.
    • Idę do szkoły. - I am going to school. (szkoły is in the genitive)
    • Kupiłem prezent dla mamy. - I bought a gift for mom. (mamy is in the genitive)
  3. Used to express possession.
    • To jest książka mojego brata. - This is my brother's book. (mojego brata is in the genitive)
  4. Used to indicate partitive meaning (some, a bit of).
    • Chcę trochę wody. - I want some water. (wody is in the genitive)

The genitive answers the questions whose? (czyj?), of whom? (kogo?) and of what? (czego?).

Singular

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Noun Declension

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Gender Ending Examples
Masculine -a (for animate), -u/-a (for inanimate) chłopaka, kota, psa, komputera, stołu
Neuter -a/-u dziecka, piwa, spotkania, imienia, muzeum
Feminine -i (for stems ending in a hard consonant), -y (for stems ending in a soft consonant) dziewczyny, kawy, mrówki, pani, miłości, myszy

Adjective Declension

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Gender Rule Ending Examples
Masculine After most stems -ego dużego, małego, dobrego
Neuter After most stems -ego duże, małe, dobre
Feminine After all stems -ej dużej, małej, dobrej

Plural

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Noun Declension

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Gender Rule Ending Examples
Virile After most stems -ów chłopaków, kotów, psów, komputerów
Nonvirile After most stems -ów (for masculine inanimate), -i (for feminine and neuter) stołów, dzieci, piw, spotkań, imion, muzeów, dziewczyn, kaw, mrówek, pań, miłości, myszy

Adjective Declension

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Gender Rule Ending Examples
Virile After most stems -ych dużych, małych, dobrych
Nonvirile After most stems -ych dużych, małych, dobrych

Pronouns

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Personal pronouns

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English Genitive
nothing niczego
no one nikogo
I mnie
you (singular) ciebie
he jego
she jej
it jego
you (formal masculine) pana + 3rd person singular verb
you (formal feminine) pani + 3rd person singular verb
we nas
you (informal plural) was
you (formal masculine plural) panów + 3rd person plural verb
you (formal feminine plural) pań + 3rd person plural verb
you (formal mixed gender plural) państwa + 3rd person plural verb
they (masculine or mixed gender) ich
they (feminine) ich

Possessive pronouns

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Gender my, mine your, yours (singular) your, yours (plural) our, ours
Singular Masculine mojego twojego waszego naszego
Neuter mojego twojego waszego naszego
Feminine mojej twojej waszej naszej
Plural Virile moich twoich waszych naszych
Nonvirile moich twoich waszych naszych

Interrogative pronouns

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English Genitive
whose? czyjego?
of whom? kogo?
of what? czego?

Relative, demonstrative, and intensive pronouns

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Gender which / who what / what kind this / that self / same
Singular Masculine którego jakiego tego samego
Neuter którego jakiego tego samego
Feminine której jakiej tej samej
Plural Virile których jakich tych samych
Nonvirile których jakich tych samych