Old Norse/Grammar/Pronouns
| Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Possessive Pronoun | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||||
| I | ek | mín | mér | mik | mín- |
| You (informal singular) | þú | þín | þér | þik | þín- |
| He | hann | hans | hánum | hann | sín- |
| She | hon | hennar | henni | hana | sín- |
| It | þat | þess | því | þat | sín- |
| Dual | |||||
| We two (us) | vit | okkar | okr | okr | okkar- |
| You two | (þ)it | ykkar | ykr | ykr | ykkar- |
| Plural | |||||
| We (us) | vér | vár | oss | oss | vár- |
| You (plural) | þér | yðar | yðr | yðr | yðar- |
| They (masculine) | þeir | þeirra | þeim | þá | sín- |
| They (feminine) | þær | þeirra | þeim | þær | sín- |
| They (neuter) | þau | þeirra | þeim | þau | sín- |
The possessive pronoun is declined strong like an adjective:
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||||
| Nominative | minn | mín | mitt | ||
| Genitive | míns | minnar | míns | ||
| Dative | mínum | minni | mínu | ||
| Accusative | minn | mína | mitt | ||
| Plural | |||||
| Nominative | mínir | mínar | mín | ||
| Genitive | minna | minna | minna | ||
| Dative | mínum | mínum | mínum | ||
| Accusative | mína | mínar | mín | ||
You may occasionally see yðvar in place of yðar. This form, yðvar is the long form, and yðar is the short form for "your" (plural).
Like mín, is þín-, sín-, okkar-, ykkar-. The long vowel in mín shortens in the masculine nominative/accusative singular, and you add an -n. The feminine genitive/dative and genitive plural double the stem-ending consonant before adding the endings, explaining the double-n here, and double-r in vár. Anywhere else with a double n, the vowel shortens. Otherwise, it remains long. In vár, it doesn't shorten anywhere:
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||||
| Nominative | várr | vár | várt | ||
| Genitive | várs | várrar | várs | ||
| Dative | várum | várri | váru | ||
| Accusative | várn | vára | várt | ||
| Plural | |||||
| Nominative | várir | várar | vár | ||
| Genitive | várra | várra | várra | ||
| Dative | várum | várum | várum | ||
| Accusative | vára | várar | vár | ||
For yðar, ykkar, and okkar, you may shorten the vowel in trisyllabic forms (yðarum to yðrum, for example), but never with the long yðvar (yðar)
As a reference the possessive nominatives (masculine, feminine, neuter) are:
- mín, þin, sín: minn, mín, mitt
- okkar, ykkar: okkarr, okkur, okkart
- vár, yðar: várr, vár, várt
See the pattern? Masculine nominative: double the last consonant; Feminine nominative: no change in the singular, add '-ur' in the dual; Neuter nominative: add '-t', double it in the singular and replace 'n'.