Modern Physics/Constants of Nature
This is a brief listing of some constant values that are used in this book. Constants are currently listed in no particular order.
Constant Name | Definition |
---|---|
Absolute zero temperature | 0 K = −273.15 °C |
Speed of light in vacuum | c = 2.99792458 × 108 m·s-1 |
Newtonian constant of gravitation | G = 6.6742 × 10−11 m3·kg-1 s-2 |
Planck constant | h = 6.6260693 × 10−34 J·Hz-1 = 4.136 × 10-15 eV·s; |
Planck constant over | = 1.05457148 × 10−34 J·s |
Elementary charge | e = 1.60217653 × 10−19 C |
Avogadro constant | NA = 6.0221415 × 1023 mol-1 |
Constant in Coulomb's law | K = 8.988 × 109 N·m2·kg-2 |
Boltzmann's constant | k = 1.3806505 × 10−23 J K-1 |
Stefan-Boltzmann constant | σ = 5.670400 × 10−8 W·m-2·K-4 |
Unified atomic mass unit | 1 u = 1.66056×10−27 kg |
Bohr radius | a0 = 5.292 × 10−11 m |
Electron radius | re = 2.81792 × 10-15 |
Molar gas constant | R = 8.314472 J·mol-1·K-1 |
Molar Volume | Vmol = 22.41383 m3·kmol-1 |
Mass of an electron | me = 9.1093897 × 10-31 kg |
Mass of a proton | mp = 1.6726231 × 10-27 kg |
Mass of a neutron | mn = 1.6749286 × 10-27 kg |
Permeability of vacuum | μ0 = 4π × 10−7T2·m3·J-1 = 12.566370614 × 10−7 T2·m3·J-1 |
Permittivity of vacuum | ε0 = 1/(μ0c2) = 8.854187817 × 10−12 C2·J-1·m-1 |
Fine structure constant | α = e2/(2ε0hc) = 1/137.0359895 = 7.2974 × 10-3 |
Thomson cross-section | σe = 6.652 × 10−29 m2 |
Some values from the 2002 CODATA recommended values of the Fundamental Physical Constants. See Constants Information at NIST.