Mirad Grammar/Parts of Speech


Mirad words can be categorized as the following parts of speech, followed by their inflectional and derivational subcategories:

SUBSTANTIVES

  • Nouns ( = sunduni)
  • Common Nouns
  • Countable Nouns    (tam....house, ewa tami....two houses)
  • Animate Nouns    (tob....person)
  • Inanimate Nouns    (pur....car)
  • Gender-Neutral Nouns    (nyem....box)
  • Male-Specific Nouns    ( twob....man)
  • Female-Specific Nouns    ( toyb....cow)
  • Singular Nouns    (sem....table)
  • Plural Nouns    ( semi....tables)
  • Uncountable Nouns
  • Mass Nouns    (miek....sand, gla miek....a lot of sand)
  • Deverbal Nouns ( ~ Gerunds/Infinitives/Abstractions)   (melyexen....farming, melyexer....to farm, ifon....love, xeyn....deed)
  • Deadjectival ( ~ Abstract) Nouns   (vian....beauty)
  • Proper Nouns
  • Full names    (Usom....United States)
  • Acronyms   (EA....EU)
  • Pronouns ( = avduni)
  • Personal Pronouns    (iyt....she)
  • Reflexive Pronouns    (aut....myself)
  • Possessive Pronouns    ( atas....mine)
  • Deictic ( ~ Demonstrative) Pronouns    (hus....that)
  • Quantitative Determiner Pronouns    (glati....many of them)
  • Reciprocal Pronouns    (hyuit....one another)

VERBS ( = erduni)

  • Tenses
  • Present    (pe....goes)
  • Past    (pa....went)
  • Future    (po....will go)
  • Atemporal    (pu!....Go!)
  • Aspects
  • Progressive    (peye....is going, peya....was going)
  • Perfect    (paye....has gone, paya....had gone)
  • Imminent    (poye....is about to go, poya....was to go)
  • Potential    (puye....is apt to go, puya....was apt to go)
  • Moods
  • Hypothetical    (pu....would go, [van has] pu....[that it] go)
  • Indicative    (po...will go, pe....goes)
  • Voices
  • Active    (It yijba ha mes.....He opened the door.)
  • Passive    (Ha mes yijbwa.....The door was opened.)
  • Medio-passive    (Ha mes yija.....The door opened.)
  • Transitivity
  • Transitive    (besa....stayed)
  • Intransitive    ( bexa....held)
  • Dynamicity
  • Static    (tujeye....is sleeping)
  • Dynamic    (tujpa....fell asleep)
  • Focus
  • Subject-oriented    (yafe....is able)
  • Patient-oriented    (yafwe....is possible)

MODIFIERS

  • Adjectives ( = aduni)
  • Deictic Adjectives ( ~ Determiners)    (duhoa?....which?, hyea....any)
  • Descriptive Adjectives    (via....beautiful)
  • Denominal Adjectives    (vensona....conditional)
  • Pronominal ( ~ Possessive) Adjectives)    (yata....our)
  • Deverbal Adjectives ( ~ Participles)    (tejea....living, obwa....removed)
  • Numeric Adjectives    (awa....one, ewa....two)
  • Adverbs (ayduni)
  • Inherent adverbs    (voy....not)
  • Derived adverbs    (ikay....fully)

CONNECTORS

  • Prepositions ( = ebduni)
  • Simple Prepositions    (av....for)
  • Complex Prepositions (be zam bi....in front of, yib bi....far from)
  • Conjunctions ( = yanxduni)
  • Coordinating    (ay....and, ey....or)
  • Subordinating    (van....that, ven....if)
  • Correlative    (hyaewa...ay....both...and)
  • Adverbial    (johus....then, avhus....therefore)

PARTICLES ( = dunesi)

  • Interjections    ( = tipduni) (hey!....Yoohoo!, hway!....bravo!)
  • Cardinal Numbers    (a....one, e....two)
  • Letter Names    (a, ba, ca)
  • Onomatopeia    (pao!, xux!)
  • Abbreviations    (a.g.....etc., a.k.....e.g.)