Lun Yu/Book 16
< Lun Yu
| Analects of Confucius (Translated by James Legge) |
Simplified Chinese | Traditional Chinese | Chinese Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| BOOK XVI. KE SHE. | 李氏第十六 | 李氏第十六 | lǐ shì dì shíliù |
| CHAP. I. 1. The head of the Chi family was going to attack Chwan-yu. | 【第一章】【一节】李氏将伐颛臾。 | 【第一章】【一節】李氏將伐顓臾。 | lǐ shì jiāng fá zhuān yú |
| 2. Zan Yu and Chi-lu had an interview with Confucius, and said, 'Our chief, Chi, is going to commence operations against Chwan-yu.' | 【二节】冉有李路见於孔子曰、李氏将 有事於颛臾。 | 【二節】冉有李路見於孔子曰、李氏將 有事於顓臾。 | rǎn yǒu lǐ lù jiàn yú kǒngzǐ yuē lǐ shì jiāng yǒu shì yú zhuān yú |
| 3. Confucius said, 'Ch'iu, is it not you who are in fault here? | 【三节】孔子曰、求、无乃尔是过与。 | 【三節】孔子曰、求、無乃爾是過與。 | kǒngzǐ yuē qiú wú nǎi ěr shì guò yǔ |
| 4. 'Now, in regard to Chwan-yu, long ago, a former king appointed its ruler to preside over the sacrifices to the eastern Mang; moreover, it is in the midst of the territory of our State; and its ruler is a minister in direct connexion with the sovereign:-- What has your chief to do with attacking it?' | 【四节】夫颛臾、昔者、先王以为东 蒙主、且在邦域之中矣、是社稷之臣也、何以伐为。 | 【四節】夫顓臾、昔者、先王以為東 蒙主、且在邦域之中矣、是社稷之臣也、何以伐為。 | fū zhuān yú xī zhě xiān wáng yǐwéi dōng mēng zhǔ qiě zài bāng yù zhī zhōng yǐ shì shèjì zhī chén yě hé yǐ fá wéi |
| 5. Zan Yu said, 'Our master wishes the thing; neither of us two ministers wishes it.' | 【五节】冉有曰、夫子 欲之、吾二臣者、皆不欲也。 | 【五節】冉有曰、夫子 欲之、吾二臣者、皆不欲也。 | rǎn yǒu yuē fūzǐ yù zhī wú èr chén zhě jiē bù yù yě |
| 6. Confucius said, 'Ch'iu, there are the words of Chau Zan,-- "When he can put forth his ability, he takes his place in the ranks of office; when he finds himself unable to do so, he retires from it. How can he be used as a guide to a blind man, who does not support him when tottering, nor raise him up when fallen?" | 【六节】孔子曰、求、周任有言曰、陈力就列、 不能者止、危而不持、颠而不扶、则将焉用彼相矣。 | 【六節】孔子曰、求、周任有言曰、陳力就列、 不能者止、危而不持、顛而不扶、則將焉用彼相矣。 | kǒngzǐ yuē qiú zhōu rèn yǒu yán yuē chén lì jiù liě bùnéng zhě zhǐ wēi ér bù chí diān ér bù fú zé jiāng yān yòng bǐ xiāng yǐ |
| 7. 'And further, you speak wrongly. When a tiger or rhinoceros escapes from his cage; when a tortoise or piece of jade is injured in its repository:-- whose is the fault?' | 【七节】且尔言过矣、 虎兕出於柙、龟玉毁於椟中、是谁之过与。 | 【七節】且爾言過矣、 虎兕出於柙、龜玉毀於櫝中、是誰之過與。 | qiě ěr yán guò yǐ hǔ sì chū yú xiá guī yù huǐ yú dú zhōng shì shéi zhī guò yǔ |
| 8. Zan Yu said, 'But at present, Chwan-yu is strong and near to Pi; if our chief do not now take it, it will hereafter be a sorrow to his descendants.' | 【八节】冉有曰、今夫颛臾、固而近於费、今不取、後 世必为子孙忧。 | 【八節】冉有曰、今夫顓臾、固而近於費、今不取、後 世必為子孫憂。 | rǎn yǒu yuē jīn fū zhuān yú gù ér jìn yú fèi jīn bù qǔ hòu shì bì wéi zǐsūn yōu |
| 9. Confucius said. 'Ch'iu, the superior man hates that declining to say-- "I want such and such a thing," and framing explanations for the conduct. | 【九节】孔子曰、求、君子疾夫舍曰欲之、而必为之辞。 | 【九節】孔子曰、求、君子疾夫舍曰欲之、而必為之辭。 | kǒngzǐ yuē qiú jūnzǐ jí fū shè yuē yù zhī ér bì wéi zhī cí |
| 10. 'I have heard that rulers of States and chiefs of families are not troubled lest their people should be few, but are troubled lest they should not keep their several places; that they are not troubled with fears of poverty, but are troubled with fears of a want of contented repose among the people in their several places. For when the people keep their several places, there will be no poverty; when harmony prevails, there will be no scarcity of people; and when there is such a contented repose, there will be no rebellious upsettings. | 【十节】丘也、闻有国有家者、不患寡、而患不均、不患贫、而患不安、盖均无 贫、和无寡、安无倾。 | 【十節】丘也、聞有國有家者、不患寡、而患不均、不患貧、而患不安、蓋均無 貧、和無寡、安無傾。 | qiū yě wén yǒu guóyǒu jiā zhě bù huàn guǎ ér huàn bù jūn bù huàn pín ér huàn bùān gài jūn wú pín hé wú guǎ ān wú qīng |
| 11. 'So it is.-- Therefore, if remoter people are not submissive, all the influences of civil culture and virtue are to be cultivated to attract them to be so; and when they have been so attracted, they must be made contented and tranquil. | 【十一节】夫如是、故远人不服、则修文德以来之、既来之、则安之。 | 【十一節】夫如是、故遠人不服、則修文德以來之、既來之、則安之。 | fū rú shì gù yuǎn rén bù fù zé xiū wén dé yǐlái zhī jì lái zhī zé ān zhī |
| 12. 'Now, here are you, Yu and Ch'iu, assisting your chief. Remoter people are not submissive, and, with your help, he cannot attract them to him. In his own territory there are divisions and downfalls, leavings and separations, and, with your help, he cannot preserve it. | 【十二节】今由与求 也、相夫子、远人不服、而不能来也、邦分崩离析、而不能守也。 | 【十二節】今由與求 也、相夫子、遠人不服、而不能來也、邦分崩離析、而不能守也。 | jīn yóu yǔ qiú yě xiāng fūzǐ yuǎn rén bù fù ér bùnéng lái yě bāng fēnbēnglíxī ér bùnéng shǒu yě |
| 13. 'And yet he is planning these hostile movements within the State.-- I am afraid that the sorrow of the Chi-sun family will not be on account of Chwan-yu, but will be found within the screen of their own court.' | 【十三节】 而谋动干戈於邦内、吾恐李孙之忧、不在颛臾、而在萧墙之内也。 | 【十三節】 而謀動干戈於邦內、吾恐李孫之憂、不在顓臾、而在蕭牆之內也。 | shísān jié ér móu dòng gāngē yú bāng nèi wú kǒng lǐ sūn zhī yōu búzài zhuān yú ér zài xiāo qiáng zhī nèi yě |
| CHAP. II. 1. Confucius said, 'When good government prevails in the empire, ceremonies, music, and punitive military expeditions proceed from the son of Heaven. When bad government prevails in the empire, ceremonies, music, and punitive military expeditions proceed from the princes. When these things proceed from the princes, as a rule, the cases will be few in which they do not lose their power in ten generations. When they proceed from the Great officers of the princes, as a rule, the cases will be few in which they do not lose their power in five generations. When the subsidiary ministers of the great officers hold in their grasp the orders of the state, as a rule, the cases will be few in which they do not lose their power in three generations. | 【第二章】【一节】孔子曰、天下有道、则礼乐征伐、自天子出、天下无道、 则礼乐征伐、自诸侯出、自诸侯出、盖十世希不失矣、自大夫出、五世希不 失矣、陪臣执国命、三世希不失矣。 | 【第二章】【一節】孔子曰、天下有道、則禮樂征伐、自天子出、天下無道、 則禮樂征伐、自諸侯出、自諸侯出、蓋十世希不失矣、自大夫出、五世希不 失矣、陪臣執國命、三世希不失矣。 | kǒngzǐ yuē tiānxià yǒu dào zé lǐ yuè zhēng fá zì tiānzǐ chū tiānxià wú dào zé lǐ yuè zhēng fá zì zhūhóu chū zì zhūhóu chū gài shí shì xī bù shī yǐ zìdà fū chū wǔ shì xī bù shī yǐ péi chén zhí guó mìng sān shì xī bù shī yǐ |
| 2. 'When right principles prevail in the kingdom, government will not be in the hands of the Great officers. | 【二节】天下有道、则政不在大夫。 | 【二節】天下有道、則政不在大夫。 | tiānxià yǒu dào zé zhèng búzài dàifū |
| 3. 'When right principles prevail in the kingdom, there will be no discussions among the common people.' | 【三节】天下有道、则庶人不议。 | 【三節】天下有道、則庶人不議。 | tiānxià yǒu dào zé shù rén bù yì |
| CHAP. III. Confucius said, 'The revenue of the state has left the ducal House now for five generations. The government has been in the hands of the Great officers for four generations. On this account, the descendants of the three Hwan are much reduced.' | 【第三章】孔子曰、禄之去公室、五世矣、政逮於大夫、四世矣、故夫三桓 之子孙微矣。 | 【第三章】孔子曰、祿之去公室、五世矣、政逮於大夫、四世矣、故夫三桓 之子孫微矣。 | kǒngzǐ yuē lù zhī qù gōng shì wǔ shì yǐ zhèng dài yú dàifū sì shì yǐ gù fū sān Huán zhī zǐsūn wēi yǐ |
| CHAP. IV. Confucius said, 'There are three friendships which are advantageous, and three which are injurious. Friendship with the upright; friendship with the sincere; and friendship with the man of much observation:-- these are advantageous. Friendship with the man of specious airs; friendship with the insinuatingly soft; and friendship with the glib-tongued:-- these are injurious.' | 【第四章】孔子曰、益者三友、损者三友、友直、友谅、友多闻、益矣、友 便辟、友善柔、友便佞、损矣。 | 【第四章】孔子曰、益者三友、損者三友、友直、友諒、友多聞、益矣、友 便辟、友善柔、友便佞、損矣。 | kǒngzǐ yuē yì zhě sān yǒu sǔn zhě sān yǒu yǒu zhí yǒu liàng yǒu duō wén yì yǐ yǒu biàn bì yǒushàn róu yǒu biàn nìng sǔn yǐ |
| CHAP. V. Confucius said, 'There are three things men find enjoyment in which are advantageous, and three things they find enjoyment in which are injurious. To find enjoyment in the discriminating study of ceremonies and music; to find enjoyment in speaking of the goodness of others; to find enjoyment in having many worthy friends:-- these are advantageous. To find enjoyment in extravagant pleasures; to find enjoyment in idleness and sauntering; to find enjoyment in the pleasures of feasting:-- these are injurious.' | 【第五章】孔子曰、益者三乐、损者三乐、乐节礼乐、乐道人之善、乐多贤友、益矣。乐骄乐、乐佚游、乐宴乐、损矣。 | 【第五章】孔子曰、益者三樂、損者三樂、樂節禮樂、樂道人之善、樂多賢友、益矣。樂驕樂、樂佚遊、樂宴樂、損矣。 | kǒngzǐ yuē yì zhě sān lè sǔn zhě sān lè lè jié lǐ lè yuè dào rén zhī shàn lè duō xián yǒu yì yǐ lè jiāo lè lè yì yóu lè yàn lè sǔn yǐ |
| CHAP. VI. Confucius said, 'There are three errors to which they who stand in the presence of a man of virtue and station are liable. They may speak when it does not come to them to speak;-- this is called rashness. They may not speak when it comes to them to speak;-- this is called concealment. They may speak without looking at the countenance of their superior;-- this is called blindness.' | 【第六章】孔子曰、侍於君子有三愆、言未及之而言、谓之躁、言及之而不 言、谓之隐、未见颜色而言、谓之瞽。 | 【第六章】孔子曰、侍於君子有三愆、言未及之而言、謂之躁、言及之而不 言、謂之隱、未見顏色而言、謂之瞽。 | kǒngzǐ yuē shì yú jūnzǐ yǒu sān qiān yán wèi jí zhī éryán wèi zhī zào yán jí zhī ér bù yán wèi zhī yǐn wèi jiàn yánsè éryán wèi zhī gǔ |
| CHAP. VII. Confucius said, 'There are three things which the superior man guards against. In youth, when the physical powers are not yet settled, he guards against lust. When he is strong and the physical powers are full of vigor, he guards against quarrelsomeness. When he is old, and the animal powers are decayed, he guards against covetousness.' | 【第七章】孔子曰、君子有三戒、少之时、血气未定、戒之在色、及其壮也、血气方刚、戒之在斗、及其老也、血气既衰、戒之在得。 | 【第七章】孔子曰、君子有三戒、少之時、血氣未定、戒之在色、及其壯也、血氣方剛、戒之在鬥、及其老也、血氣既衰、戒之在得。 | kǒngzǐ yuē jūnzǐ yǒu sān jiè shào zhī shí xuèqì wèi dìng jiè zhī zài sè jí qí zhuàng yě xuèqì fāng gāng jiè zhī zài dòu jí qí lǎo yě xuèqì jì shuāi jiè zhī zài de |
| CHAP. VIII. 1. Confucius said, 'There are three things of which the superior man stands in awe. He stands in awe of the ordinances of Heaven. He stands in awe of great men. He stands in awe of the words of sages. | 【第八章】【一节】孔子曰、君子有三畏、畏天命、畏大人、畏圣人之言。 | 【第八章】【一節】孔子曰、君子有三畏、畏天命、畏大人、畏聖人之言。 | kǒngzǐ yuē jūnzǐ yǒu sān wèi wèi tiān mìng wèi dàrén wèi shèngrén zhī yán |
| 2. 'The mean man does not know the ordinances of Heaven, and consequently does not stand in awe of them. He is disrespectful to great men. He makes sport of the words of sages.' | 【二节】小人不知天命、而不畏也、狎大人、侮圣人之言。 | 【二節】小人不知天命、而不畏也、狎大人、侮聖人之言。 | xiǎo rén bùzhī tiān mìng ér bù wèi yě xiá dàrén wǔ shèngrén zhī yán |
| CHAP. IX. Confucius said, 'Those who are born with the possession of knowledge are the highest class of men. Those who learn, and so, readily, get possession of knowledge, are the next. Those who are dull and stupid, and yet compass the learning, are another class next to these. As to those who are dull and stupid and yet do not learn;-- they are the lowest of the people.' | 【第九章】孔子曰、生而知之者、上也、学而知之者、次也、 困而学之、又其次也、困而不学、民斯为下矣。 | 【第九章】孔子曰、生而知之者、上也、學而知之者、次也、 困而學之、又其次也、困而不學、民斯為下矣。 | kǒngzǐ yuē shēng ér zhī zhī zhě shàng yě xué ér zhī zhī zhě cì yě kùn ér xué zhī yòu qícì yě kùn ér bù xué mín sī wéi xià yǐ |
| CHAP. X. Confucius said, 'The superior man has nine things which are subjects with him of thoughtful consideration. In regard to the use of his eyes, he is anxious to see clearly. In regard to the use of his ears, he is anxious to hear distinctly. In regard to his countenance, he is anxious that it should be benign. In regard to his demeanor, he is anxious that it should be respectful. In regard to his speech, he is anxious that it should be sincere. In regard to his doing of business, he is anxious that it should be reverently careful. In regard to what he doubts about, he is anxious to question others. When he is angry, he thinks of the difficulties (his anger may involve him in). When he sees gain to be got, he thinks of righteousness.' | 【第十章】孔子曰、君子有九思、视思明、听思聪、色思温、貌思恭、言思 忠、事思敬、疑思问、忿思难、见得思义。 | 【第十章】孔子曰、君子有九思、視思明、聽思聰、色思溫、貌思恭、言思 忠、事思敬、疑思問、忿思難、見得思義。 | kǒngzǐ yuē jūnzǐ yǒu jiǔ sī shì sī míng tīng sī cōng sè sī wēn mào sī gōng yán sī zhōng shì sī jìng yí sī wèn fèn sī nán jiàn de sī yì |
| CHAP. XI. 1. Confucius said, 'Contemplating good, and pursuing it, as if they could not reach it; contemplating evil, and shrinking from it, as they would from thrusting the hand into boiling water:-- I have seen such men, as I have heard such words. | 【十一章】【一节】孔子曰、见善如不及、见不善而探汤、吾见其人矣、吾 闻其语矣。 | 【十一章】【一節】孔子曰、見善如不及、見不善而探湯、吾見其人矣、吾 聞其語矣。 | kǒngzǐ yuē jiàn shàn rú bù jí jiàn bùshàn ér tàn tāng wú jiàn qí rén yǐ wú wén qí yǔ yǐ |
| 2. 'Living in retirement to study their aims, and practising righteousness to carry out their principles:-- I have heard these words, but I have not seen such men.' | 【二节】隐居以求其志、行义以达其道、吾闻其语矣、未见其人也。 | 【二節】隱居以求其志、行義以達其道、吾聞其語矣、未見其人也。 | yǐnjū yǐ qiú qí zhì xíng yì yǐ dá qí dào wú wén qí yǔ yǐ wèi jiàn qí rén yě |
| CHAP. XII. 1. The duke Ching of Ch'i had a thousand teams, each of four horses, but on the day of his death, the people did not praise him for a single virtue. Po-i and Shu-ch'i died of hunger at the foot of the Shau-yang mountain, and the people, down to the present time, praise them. | 【十二章】【一节】齐景公有马千驷、死之日、民无德而称焉、伯夷叔齐、 饿于首阳之下、民到于今称之。 | 【十二章】【一節】齊景公有馬千駟、死之日、民無德而稱焉、伯夷叔齊、 餓于首陽之下、民到于今稱之。 | qí jǐng gōngyǒu mǎ qiān sì sǐ zhī rì mín wú dé ér chèn yān bó yí shū qí è yú shǒu yáng zhī xià mín dào yújīn chèn zhī |
| 2. 'Is not that saying illustrated by this?' | 【二节】其斯之谓与。 | 【二節】其斯之謂與。 | qí sī zhī wèi yǔ |
| CHAP. XIII. 1. Ch'an K'ang asked Po-yu, saying, 'Have you heard any lessons from your father different from what we have all heard?' | 【十三章】【一节】陈亢问於伯鱼曰、子亦有异闻乎。 | 【十三章】【一節】陳亢問於伯魚曰、子亦有異聞乎。 | chén kàng wèn yú bó yú yuē zǐ yì yǒu yì wén hū |
| 2. Po-yu replied, 'No. He was standing alone once, when I passed below the hall with hasty steps, and said to me, "Have you learned the Odes?" On my replying "Not yet," he added, "If you do not learn the Odes, you will not be fit to converse with." I retired and studied the Odes. | 【二节】对曰、未也、 尝独立、鲤趋而过庭、曰、学诗乎。对曰、未也。不学诗、无以言。鲤退而学诗。 | 【二節】對曰、未也、 嘗獨立、鯉趨而過庭、曰、學詩乎。對曰、未也。不學詩、無以言。鯉退而學詩。 | duì yuē wèi yě cháng dúlì lǐ qū ér guò tíng yuē xué shī hū duì yuē wèi yě bù xué shī wú yǐ yán lǐ tuì ér xué shī |
| 3. 'Another day, he was in the same way standing alone, when I passed by below the hall with hasty steps, and said to me, 'Have you learned the rules of Propriety?' On my replying 'Not yet,' he added, 'If you do not learn the rules of Propriety, your character cannot be established.' I then retired, and learned the rules of Propriety. | 【三节】他日、又独立、鲤趋而过庭、曰、学礼乎。对曰、未 也。不学礼、无以立。鲤退而学礼。 | 【三節】他日、又獨立、鯉趨而過庭、曰、學禮乎。對曰、未 也。不學禮、無以立。鯉退而學禮。 | tārì yòu dúlì lǐ qū ér guò tíng yuē xué lǐ hū duì yuē wèi yě bù xué lǐ wú yǐ lì lǐ tuì ér xué lǐ |
| 4. 'I have heard only these two things from him.' | 【四节】闻斯二者。 | 【四節】聞斯二者。 | wén sī èrzhě |
| 5. Ch'ang K'ang retired, and, quite delighted, said, 'I asked one thing, and I have got three things. I have heard about the Odes. I have heard about the rules of Propriety. I have also heard that the superior man maintains a distant reserve towards his son.' | 【五节】陈亢退而 喜曰、问一得三、闻诗、闻礼、又闻君子远其子也。 | 【五節】陳亢退而 喜曰、問一得三、聞詩、聞禮、又聞君子遠其子也。 | chén kàng tuì ér xǐ yuē wèn yī de sān wén shī wén lǐ yòu wén jūnzǐ yuǎn qí zǐ yě |
| CHAP. XIV. The wife of the prince of a state is called by him FU ZAN. She calls herself HSIAO T'UNG. The people of the State call her CHUN FU ZAN, and, to the people of other States, they call her K'WA HSIAO CHUN. The people of other states also call her CHUN FU ZAN. | 【十四章】邦君子之妻、君称之曰夫人、夫人自称小童、邦人称之、曰君夫 人、称诸异邦、曰寡小君、异邦人称之、亦曰君夫人。 | 【十四章】邦君子之妻、君稱之曰夫人、夫人自稱小童、邦人稱之、曰君夫 人、稱諸異邦、曰寡小君、異邦人稱之、亦曰君夫人。 | bāng jūnzǐ zhī qī jūn chèn zhī yuē fùrén fùrén zìchēng xiǎo tóng bāng rén chèn zhī yuē jūn fū rén chèn zhū yì bāng yuē guǎ xiǎo jūn yì bāng rén chèn zhī yì yuē jūn fùrén |