# Prior Learning

The International Baccalaureate expects Mathematics Standard Level students to know these formulae and related concepts.

## Area of a parallelogram:

${\displaystyle A=b\times h}$

## Area of a triangle:

${\displaystyle A={\frac {b\times h}{2}}}$

## Area of a trapezium

${\displaystyle A={\frac {1}{2}}(a+b)h}$

## Area of a circle

${\displaystyle A=\pi r^{2}}$

## Circumference of a circle

${\displaystyle C=2\pi r}$

## Volume of a Pyramid

${\displaystyle V={\frac {1}{3}}(Area_{base}\times height)}$

## Volume of a Cuboid (rectangular prism)

${\displaystyle V=l\times w\times h}$

## Volume of a Cylinder

${\displaystyle V=\pi r^{2}h}$

## Area of the curved surface of a cylinder

${\displaystyle A=2\pi rh}$

## Volume of a Sphere

${\displaystyle V={\frac {4}{3}}\pi r^{3}}$

## Volume of a cone

${\displaystyle V={\frac {1}{3}}\pi r^{2}h}$

## Distance between two points ${\displaystyle (x_{1},y_{1},z_{1})}$  and ${\displaystyle (x_{2},y_{2},z_{2})}$

${\displaystyle d={\sqrt {(x_{1}-x_{2})^{2}+(y_{1}-y_{2})^{2}+(z_{1}-z_{2})^{2}}}}$

## Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment with endpoints (${\displaystyle x_{1},y_{1},z_{1}}$ ) and (${\displaystyle x_{2},y_{2},z_{2}}$ )

${\displaystyle \left({\frac {x_{1}+x_{2}}{2}},{\frac {y_{1}+y_{2}}{2}},{\frac {z_{1}+z_{2}}{2}}\right)}$