Halyomorpha halys
| Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type: | Insect |
| Binomial: | Halyomorpha halys |
| Family: | Pentatomidae |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Metamorphosis: | Simple |
| Damaging stages: | All |
| Diseases vectored: | Possible vector of viruses |
Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug, is an agricultural pest that can cause widespread damage to fruit and vegetable crops. In Japan it is a pest to soybean and fruit crops. In the U.S., the brown marmorated stink bug feeds on a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and other host plants beginning in late May/early June including peaches, apples, green beans, soybeans, cherry, raspberries, and pears. It is a sucking insect that uses its stylet to pierce the host plant in order to feed. This feeding results, in part, in the formation of small, necrotic areas on the outer surface of fruits but ranges from leaf stippling, cat-facing on tree fruits, seed loss, and transmission of plant pathogens.
The bug is native to China and Japan, and is believed to have "hitched a ride" to North America as a stowaway in packing crates from China or Japan. The first documented specimen was collected in Allentown, Pennsylvania, during the fall of 1996. In 1999, the brown marmorated stink bug was first recovered in New Jersey from a black light trap run by the Rutgers Cooperative Extension (RCE) Vegetable IPM program in Milford, New Jersey.[1] In 2002, it was again collected from black light traps located in Phillipsburg and Little York and found on plant material in Stewartsville. It is now documented and established in many counties in the tri-state area (New Jersey, Pennsylvania and New York) on the eastern coast of the United States. This agricultural pest has already reached large parts of Western Maryland and West Virginia, and studies continue to establish just how extensive the infestation may go.
Description
editIt looks similar in appearance to other native species of shield bugs including Acrosternum, Euschistus, and Podisus, except that several of the abdominal segments protrude from beneath the wings and are alternatively banded with black and white (visible along the edge of the bug even when wings are folded) and a white stripe or band on the next to last (4th) antennal segment. The adults are approximately ⅝ in long and he underside is white or pale tan, sometimes with grey or black markings. The legs are brown with faint white banding.
Symptoms and Signs
editThe most economically important damage is necrotic areas on the outer surface of fruits but also ranges from leaf stippling, cat-facing on tree fruits, seed loss, and possibly the transmission of plant pathogens
Ecology
editThe brown marmorated stink bug survives the winter as adults by entering houses and structures when fall evenings start to turn cold. Adults can live for several years and look for buildings to overwinter in that shield them from the elements. They will work their way under siding, into soffits, around window and door frames, under roof shingles and into any crawl space or attic vent which has openings big enough to fit through. Once inside the home they will go into a state of hibernation where they wait for winter to pass, but often the warmth inside the home causes them to become active, especially in winter months, and they will fly clumsily around light fixtures. They leave a powerful scent behind on everything they land on, including the buildings where they hibernate, and this odor is one of the reasons they will return year after year; it is a beacon to other stinkbugs that this location is a good hibernation nest.
The stinkbug's ability to emit a vile odor through holes in its abdomen is a defense mechanism meant to prevent it from being eaten by birds and lizards. However, simply jostling the bug, cornering it, scaring or injuring it, or attempting to remove one from one's home can "set it off," and the odor is extremely powerful, unpleasant, and long-lasting. It can make a whole room uninhabitable until aired out, and some people are even allergic to the smell. Squashing it is a surefire way of expelling its noxious odor, and most times the best way of extracting one from the inside of a home is to allow it to walk onto something like a newspaper and then simply taking it outside. The stink glands are located on the underside of the thorax, between the first and second pair of legs.
Host plants
editControl
editControl methods have yet to be established for agricultural situations.
- Trapping: Sticky traps
- Physical removal: Vacuuming can be effective, but the odor may contaminate the vacuum