SI Fundamental Units
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These are the seven basic SI units from which all other units are constructed.
| Quantity
|
Symbol
|
Unit
|
Unit Symbol
|
| Length |
l |
metre/meter |
m
|
| Time |
t |
second |
s
|
| Mass |
m |
kilogram |
kg
|
| Thermodynamic temperature |
T |
kelvin |
K
|
| Amount of substance |
n |
mole |
mol
|
| Electrical current |
I |
ampere |
A
|
| Luminous intensity |
IV |
candela |
cd
|
All other units are derived units. They are built from fundamental units. This is a small selection of units that may be found in General Chemistry.
| Quantity
|
Symbol
|
Unit
|
Unit Symbol
|
Derived From
|
| Force |
F |
newton
|
N |
kg·m·s-2
|
| Energy |
U |
joule |
J
|
kg·m2·s-2
|
| Pressure |
P |
pascal |
Pa
|
kg·m-1·s-2
|
| Power |
|
watt |
W
|
kg·m2·s-3
|
| Electrical charge |
Q |
coulomb
|
C |
A·s
|
| Electrical potential |
V |
volt
|
V |
J·C-1
|
A prefix appears before a unit's symbol when expressing very large or very small quantities. For example: 0.001 kg = 1 g = 1000 mg.
| 1000n
|
10n
|
Prefix
|
Symbol
|
Decimal
|
| 10008
|
1024
|
yotta
|
Y
|
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
|
| 10007
|
1021
|
zetta
|
Z
|
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
|
| 10006
|
1018
|
exa
|
E
|
1 000 000 000 000 000 000
|
| 10005
|
1015
|
peta
|
P
|
1 000 000 000 000 000
|
| 10004
|
1012
|
tera
|
T
|
1 000 000 000 000
|
| 10003
|
109
|
giga
|
G
|
1 000 000 000
|
| 10002
|
106
|
mega
|
M
|
1 000 000
|
| 10001
|
103
|
kilo
|
k
|
1 000
|
|
|
102
|
hecto
|
h
|
100
|
|
|
101
|
deca
|
da
|
10
|
| 10000
|
100
|
(none)
|
(none)
|
1
|
|
|
10−1
|
deci
|
d
|
0.1
|
|
|
10−2
|
centi
|
c
|
0.01
|
| 1000−1
|
10−3
|
milli
|
m
|
0.001
|
| 1000−2
|
10−6
|
micro
|
µ
|
0.000 001
|
| 1000−3
|
10−9
|
nano
|
n
|
0.000 000 001
|
| 1000−4
|
10−12
|
pico
|
p
|
0.000 000 000 001
|
| 1000−5
|
10−15
|
femto
|
f
|
0.000 000 000 000 001
|
| 1000−6
|
10−18
|
atto
|
a
|
0.000 000 000 000 000 001
|
| 1000−7
|
10−21
|
zepto
|
z
|
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001
|
| 1000−8
|
10−24
|
yocto
|
y
|
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001
|
Solution Concentration Units
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| Quantity
|
Symbol
|
Units
|
Description
|
| Molarity |
M |
mol/L |
moles of solute per liter of solution
|
| Molality |
m |
mol/kg |
moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
|
| Mole Fraction |
χ |
(none) |
moles of solute per moles of solution
|
| Parts per million |
ppm |
(none) |
milligrams of solute per kilogram of solution
|
| Parts per billion |
ppb |
(none) |
micrograms of solute per kilogram of solution
|
| Volume Unit
|
Conversion
|
Mass of Water (4 °C)
|
| 1 L
|
= 1000 cm3
|
1 kg
|
| 1 cm3
|
= 1 mL
|
1 g
|
| 1 m3
|
= 1000 L
|
1000 kg
|
| Name
|
Symbol
|
Conversion
|
| Atmosphere
|
atm
|
= 760 torr
|
= 101.325 kPa
|
| Pascal
|
Pa
|
≈ 7.5 x 10-3 torr
|
|
| Torr (mm Hg)
|
torr
|
≈ 133.3 Pa
|
|
| Pound-per-square inch
|
psi
|
≈ 51.7 torr
|
≈ 6.894 kPa
|
One degree Celsius is equal to one Kelvin (in magnitude).
| Name
|
Symbol
|
Abs. Zero
|
M.P. of Water
|
B.P. of Water
|
| Fahrenheit
|
°F
|
-456.67 °F
|
32 °F
|
212 °F
|
| Celsius
|
°C
|
-273.15 °C
|
0 °C
|
100 °C
|
| Kelvin
|
K
|
0 K
|
273.15 K
|
373.15 K
|
* Notice it is not "degrees Kelvin".
