Contents
Simple texts
News story
From wikinews:fr:Premier incendie de l'été en région PACA/Brève
Vocabulary
brûler | to burn |
l'incendie | fire |
The news story
30 juin 2005. – Une centaine d'hectares de forêt a brûlé jeudi après-midi en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.Le Centre opérationnel départemental d'incendie et de secours du Var a déclaré que le terrain était « très difficile d'accès en raison de la densité de la végétation ».
Toutefois, avec l'aide d'importants moyens (huit avions, et deux hélicoptères), les pompiers espèrent maîtriser l'incendie avant la nuit bien que le feu soit attisé par un vent d'ouest. Les raisons de l'incendie restent inconnues, une enquête est ouverte.
Ce premier feu de forêt de l'été fait craindre une situation difficile pour les pompiers : les spécialistes craignent une situation similaire à celle de l'été 2003 lors duquel plusieurs centaines d'hectares du massif des Maures avaient été ravagés.
Questions
- Why was the area where the fire had burned difficult to access?
- Why do the firefighters want to control the fire before nightfall?
- What happened during the summer of 2003?
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Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen =
Introduction and context
This text has founded the French republic after the revolution which ended the absolute monarchy in 1789.
Vocabulary
le droit | right |
le citoyen | citizen |
l'oubli (m.) | forgetting, neglect |
le mépris | contempt |
le malheur | misfortune, problem |
solennel | solemn, formal |
afin que | in order that |
le devoir | duty |
le pouvoir | power |
le but | aim, purpose |
fonder | to found |
le bonheur | good fortune, happiness |
l'Être suprême | the Supreme Being |
suivant | following |
naître | to be born |
demeurer | to remain |
libre | free |
égal | equal |
l'utilité commune | the common good |
la propriété | property |
la sûreté | safety |
nuire à quelqu'un | to harm or injure somebody |
les bornes (f.) | bounds, limits |
la jouissance | enjoyment |
la loi | law |
défendre | to forbid, to prohibit |
nuisible | harmful |
empêcher | to prevent |
contraint | constrained, forced |
ordonner | to order, to command |
la volonté | will |
concourir à | to contribute to |
protéger | to protect |
punir | to punish |
obéir | to obey |
coupable | culpable, guilty |
la peine | penalty, sentence |
évidemment | obviously, evidently |
antérieurment | previously, beforehand |
pourvu que | provided that |
la pensée | thought, idea |
imprimer | to print |
nécessiter | to require, to necessitate |
ceux auxquels elle est confiée | those in whom it is trusted |
l'entretien (m.) | maintenance, upkeep |
la dépense | expense, expenditure |
la quotité | proportion, rate |
l'assiette (f.) | basis, means of assessment |
le recouvrement | means of collection |
la durée | duration |
demander compte à quelqu'un de quelque chose | to ask somebody to account for something |
priver | to deprive |
si ce n'est lorsque | if it is not the case that, except when |
Text introduction
Les représentants du peuple français, constitués en Assemblée nationale, considérant que l'ignorance, l'oubli ou le mépris des droits de l'homme sont les seules causes des malheurs publics et de la corruption des gouvernements, ont résolu d'exposer, dans une Déclaration solennelle, les droits naturels, inaliénables et sacrés de l'homme, afin que cette Déclaration, constamment présente à tous les membres du corps social, leur rappelle sans cesse leurs droits et leurs devoirs; afin que les actes du pouvoir législatif, et ceux du pouvoir exécutif pouvant à chaque instant être comparés avec le but de toute institution politique, en soient plus respectés; afin que les réclamations des citoyens, fondées désormais sur des principes simples et incontestables, tournent toujours au maintien de la Constitution et au bonheur de tous.
Questions
Text Declaration of Rights
En conséquence, l'Assemblée nationale reconnaît et déclare, en présence et sous les auspices de l'Être suprême, les droits suivants de l'homme et du citoyen:
- Article premier - Les hommes naissent et demeurent libres et égaux en droits. Les distinctions sociales ne peuvent être fondées que sur l'utilité commune.
- Article II - Le but de toute association politique est la conservation des droits naturels et imprescriptibles de l'homme. Ces droits sont la liberté, la propriété, la sûreté, et la résistance à l'oppression.
- Article III - Le principe de toute souveraineté réside essentiellement dans la nation. Nul corps, nul individu ne peut exercer d'autorité qui n'en émane expressément.
- Article IV - La liberté consiste à faire tout ce qui ne nuit pas à autrui: ainsi l'exercice des droits naturels de chaque homme n'a de bornes que celles qui assurent aux autres membres de la société la jouissance de ces mêmes droits. Ces bornes ne peuvent être déterminées que par la loi.
- Article V - La loi n'a le droit de défendre que les actions nuisibles à la société. Tout ce qui n'est pas défendu par la loi ne peut être empêché, et nul ne peut être contraint à faire ce qu'elle n'ordonne pas.
- Article VI - La loi est l'expression de la volonté générale. Tous les citoyens ont droit de concourir personnellement, ou par leurs représentants, à sa formation. Elle doit être la même pour tous, soit qu'elle protège, soit qu'elle punisse. Tous les citoyens, étant égaux à ses yeux, sont également admissibles à toutes dignités, places et emplois publics, selon leurs capacités et sans autre distinction que celle de leurs vertus et de leurs talents.
- Article VII - Nul homme ne peut être accusé, arrêté ni détenu que dans les cas déterminés par la loi, et selon les formes qu'elle a prescrites. Ceux qui sollicitent, expédient, exécutent ou font exécuter des ordres arbitraires, doivent être punis; mais tout citoyen appelé ou saisi en vertu de la loi doit obéir à l'instant; il se rend coupable par la résistance.
- Article VIII - La loi ne doit établir que des peines strictement et évidemment nécessaires, et nul ne peut être puni qu'en vertu d'une loi établie et promulguée antérieurement au délit et légalement appliquée.
- Article IX - Tout homme étant présumé innocent jusqu'à ce qu'il ait été déclaré coupable, s'il est jugé indispensable de l'arrêter, toute rigueur qui ne sera pas nécessaire pour s'assurer de sa personne doit être sévèrement réprimée par la loi.
- Article X - Nul ne doit être inquiété pour ses opinions, même religieuses, pourvu que leur manifestation ne trouble pas l'ordre public établi par la loi.
- Article XI - La libre communication des pensées et des opinions est un des droits les plus précieux de l'homme: tout citoyen peut donc parler, écrire, imprimer librement, sauf à répondre de l'abus de cette liberté, dans les cas déterminés par la loi.
- Article XII - La garantie des droits de l'homme et du citoyen nécessite une force publique: cette force est donc instituée pour l'avantage de tous et non pour l'utilité particulière de ceux auxquels elle est confiée.
- Article XIII - Pour l'entretien de la force publique et pour les dépenses d'administration, une contribution commune est indispensable. Elle doit être également répartie entre tous les citoyens, en raison de leurs facultés.
- Article XIV - Chaque citoyen a le droit, par lui-même ou par ses représentants, de constater la nécessité de la contribution publique, de la consentir librement, d'en suivre l'emploi et d'en déterminer la quotité, l'assiette, le recouvrement et la durée.
- Article XV - La société a le droit de demander compte à tout agent public de son administration.
- Article XVI - Toute société dans laquelle la garantie des droits n'est pas assurée, ni la séparation des pouvoirs déterminée, n'a pas de Constitution.
- Article XVII - La propriété étant un droit inviolable et sacré, nul ne peut en être privé, si ce n'est lorsque la nécessité publique, légalement constatée, l'exige évidemment, et sous la condition d'une juste et préalable indemnité.
Questions
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La Cigale et la Fourmi
Vocabulary
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The fable
En français
La Cigale, ayant chanté |
In English The cicada, having sung |
Questions
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Le Corbeau et le Renard
Vocabulary
le corbeau | crow |
le renard | fox |
allécher quelqu'un | to give someone an appetite, to make one's mouth water |
mentir | to lie |
le ramage | song (of a bird) |
montrer | to show |
la proie | prey |
le flatteur | flatterer |
vivre aux dépens de quelqu'un | to live at someone's expense |
honteux | ashamed |
confus | embarrassed |
jurer | to swear |
The fable
En français
Maître Corbeau, sur un arbre perché, |
In English Mr. Crow, sitting in a tree, |
Questions
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Les Deux Mulets
Vocabulary
This section is a stub. You can help Wikibooks by expanding it. |
The fable
Deux mulets cheminaient, l’un d’avoine chargé,
L’autre portant l’argent de la gabelle
Celui-ci, glorieux d’une charge si belle,
N’eût voulu pour beaucoup en être soulagé.
Il marchait d’un pas relevé,
Et faisait sonner sa sonnette :
Quand, l’ennemi se présentant,
Comme il en voulait à l’argent,
Sur le mulet du fisc une troupe se jette,
Le saisit au frein et l’arrête.
Le mulet, en se défendant,
Se sent percé de coups ; il gémit, il soupire.
Est-ce donc là, dit-il, ce qu’on m’avait promis ?
Ce mulet qui me suit du danger se retire ;
Et moi j’y tombe et je péris !
— Ami, lui dit son camarade,
Il n’est pas toujours bon d’avoir un haut emploi :
Si tu n’avais servi qu’un meunier, comme moi,
Tu ne serais pas si malade.
Questions
This section is a stub. You can help Wikibooks by expanding it. |
What were the mules carrying?
Nation anthems
L'Aube Nouvelle
Introduction
Vocabulary
le prix du sang - the price of blood | chanter - to sing | éclatant(e) - bright, glorious |
le drapeau - flag | présager - to predict |
The Anthem
|
|
Problems listening to this file? See media help. |
French lyrics | English Translation |
---|---|
1er couplet :
|
First Verse
|
Refrain :
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Chorus
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2e couplet :
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Second Verse
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Refrain
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Chorus
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3e couplet :
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Third Verse
|
Refrain
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Chorus
|
Questions
First, read just the French.
1. The first and last line in the chorus says '? in Benin rise' in English. What is the '?'.
2. In the first line of the first verse, 'son' is used. Does this mean his, her or their?
3. 'Quand' is the first word in the second verse. What does it mean in English?
La Brabançonne
The Anthem
French lyrics | |
---|---|
|
English Translation
|
Questions
1. What are the last 3 lines in English?
2. What is the blood spilt for Belgium described as in the third line?
Le cantique suisse
This page or section should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. |
History of the Anthem
Originally written in German, the Swiss Psalm has been translated into all the official Swiss languages. The Swiss government has written a history of the Swiss anthem, known as the Swiss Psalm.
The often mentioned three-stanza English translation, exemplified below, is closer to the German lyrics arrangement than the French lyrics arrangement. However the versions by all languages are generally similar in spirit throughout with sentences rearranged or restructured within or beyond a stanza for example.
- German 1st Stanza
- Trittst im Morgenrot daher,
- Seh' ich dich im Strahlenmeer,
- Dich, du Hocherhabener, Herrlicher!
- Wenn der Alpenfirn sich rötet,
- Betet, freie Schweizer, betet!
- Eure fromme Seele ahnt
- Gott im hehren Vaterland,
- Gott, den Herrn, im hehren Vaterland.
- Common English translation of German 1st Stanza
- When the morning skies grow red
- And o'er us their radiance shed,
- Thou, O Lord, appearest in their light.
- When the Alps glow bright with splendour,
- Pray to God, to Him surrender,
- For you feel and understand,
- That He dwelleth in this land.
The Swiss Psalm
French lyrics | English Translation |
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1re strophe
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1st stanza
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2e strophe
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2nd stanza
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3e strophe
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3rd stanza
|
4e strophe
|
4th stanza
|
Questions
La Marseillaise
Introduction
The song was written and composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strastburg during the French Revolution, and was originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin". It was adopted as the national anthem in 1795. It acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by people marching on the capital.
How To Read The Anthem
You will not get much out of the anthem if you skim through it or only know the meanings of half the words. There are two ways you can read it. The first is to read the French text and English translation below. The second way will lead to a greater understanding of the anthem, but is more time consuming. Read a line, look up words you don't know, then continue on to the next line. When you finish reading a verse, you should reread both in French and English to make sure you understand both the overall picture and each line. It may be necessary to repeat this several times. After reading the entire anthem once, quickly read it a second time. You should be able to reread it in no time at all. If you find yourself having trouble rereading the anthem, read it a third time until you are comfortable reading it.
Vocabulary
Word | English meaning |
---|---|
la Patrie | fatherland |
le citoyen | citizen |
The Anthem
French lyrics | English Translation | |
---|---|---|
I.
|
Verse I
| |
Refrain :
|
Refrain
| |
II.
|
Verse II
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(refrain) | ||
French
|
English
| |
III.
|
Verse III
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(refrain) | ||
French
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English
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IV.
|
Verse IV
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(refrain) | ||
French
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English
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V
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Verse V
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(refrain) | ||
French
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English
| |
VI.
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Verse VI
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(refrain) | ||
French
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English
| |
VII. Couplet des enfants
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Verse VII
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(refrain) | ||
French
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English
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VIII. Couplet supprimé par Servan, Ministre de la Guerre en 1792 | ||
|
English
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(refrain) | ||
French
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English
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IX.
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English
|
|
(refrain) | ||
French
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English
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X.
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English
| |
(refrain) | ||
French
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English
| |
XI.
|
English
| |
(refrain) | ||
French
|
English
| |
XII.
|
English
| |
(refrain) | ||
French
|
English
| |
XIII.
|
English
| |
(refrain) | ||
French
|
English
| |
XIV.
|
English
| |
(refrain) | ||
French
|
English
| |
XV.
|
English
| |
(refrain) | ||
French
|
English
|
(1) The sentence (in French) is inverted, the non-literal translation is : "The bloody banner of tyranny is raised against/before us" but it may be also "Protect us against tyranny, The bloody banner is raised"
(2) Here and in the next line, this is often sung as "nos" ("our") rather than "vos" ("your"); "vos" remains official.
(3) "la carrière" ("the career"), that is, of being in the army.
Questions
O Canada
Vocabulary
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The Anthem
French lyrics | English translation
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|
Questions
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As of July 15, 2009 Wikibooks has moved to a dual-licensing system that supersedes the previous GFDL only licensing. In short, this means that text licensed under the GFDL only can no longer be imported to Wikibooks, retroactive to 1 November 2008. Additionally, Wikibooks text might or might not now be exportable under the GFDL depending on whether or not any content was added and not removed since July 15. |
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5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not give you any rights to use it.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
11. RELICENSING
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization.
"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document.
An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this License, and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:
- Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
- under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
- or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
- with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
- A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
- Free Documentation License".
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
- with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
- Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.