English: Time–frequency analysis. (a) The filters in a Fourier transform
are localized in frequency but not in time. (b) Wavelet filters
are localized in both time and frequency. (c–e) The statistical
structure of the signals determines how the filter shapes derived from efficient coding of the different data ensembles are distributed in time–frequency space. Each ellipse is a schematic of the extent of a single filter in time–frequency space. (c) Environmental sounds. (d) Animal vocalizations. (e) Speech.
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