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File:Atomic orbitals spdf m-eigenstates.png

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English: Collection of 16 atomic single-electron orbitals for the lowest four n quantum numbers. Only the cases with one radial node are shown. Each row shows one l-quantum number l=0 (s), l=1 (p), l=2 (d) and l=3 (f) with m quantum numbers in ascending order. The color depicts the complex-valued phase of the wavefunction. In contrast to the real-valued orbitals in chemistry, which are superpositions of several m-eigenstates, the probability densities shown here are symmetric around the z-axis. The solid bodies enclose the volume where the continuous probability density exceeds a well-chosen threshold. The formulas that describe the orbitals can be found at Hydrogen atom.
The labels in the image show the quantum numbers nlm with l encoded as letter.
Date
Source Own work, Created with hydrogen 1.1
Author Geek3
Other versions Atomic orbitals spdf m-eigenstates mpositive.png with positive m-values only.

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atomic orbital

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