European Union Law/Direct Effect

Direct effect is the idea that EC law is effective immediately and without further administrative action in each of the member States.

Treaty Articles

Van Gend en Loos

Regulations

Leonisio

Directives

• Van Duyn v. Home Office [1974]
• Ministerio Pubblico v. Ratti [1979]
• Marshal v. Southampton Area Health Authority
• Foster v. British Gas
• Paola Faccini Dori v. Recreb Srl

Reaction of National Courts

UK Courts

• Felixstowe [1976]
• Litster v. Forth Dry Dock
• Factortame (No. 2)