Estonian/Questions
< Estonian
On this page we'll finally learn some useful phrases for exchange students, queries and the Indicative Future as a bonus.
Questions
editKüsimused
| English | Nominative | Genitive | Partitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| what? | mis? | mille? | mida? |
| who? | kes? | kelle? | keda? |
| where? | kus? | kuhu? | kust? |
| when? | millal? | ||
| why? for what? |
miks? milleks? mille jaoks? |
Nouns
editSõnavara
Nimisõnad 
|
Nouns .svg){kind=small}
|
|---|---|
| köök | kitchen |
| pood | store/shop |
| tuba | room (of building) |
| bannituba | bathroom |
| WC | toilet |
Grammatika
| Nominative | Genitive | Partitive |
|---|---|---|
| köök | köögi | kööki |
| pood | poe | poodi |
| tuba | toa | tuba |
| vannituba | vannitoa | vannituba |
| WC | WC | WC-d |
Verbs
editVerbs in Estonian have two kinds of Infinitives, ending with -ma and -da. The -ma Infinitive is used in dictionaries to list verbs. Here we'll show how to conjugate when given a -ma Infinitive. Some are straightforward while others take some additional vowels or change entirely.
| English | -ma Infinitive | mina | sina | tema | meie | teie | nemad |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to come | tulema | tulen | tuled | tuleb | tuleme | tulete | tulevad |
| to arrive | saabuma | saabun | saabud | saabub | saabume | saabute | saabuvad |
| to buy | ostma | ostan | ostad | ostab | ostame | ostate | ostavad |
| to go | minema | lähen | lähed | läheb | läheme | lähete | lähevad |
| to leave | lahkuma | lahkun | lahkud | lahkub | lahkume | lahkute | lahkuvad |
| to get | saama | saan | saad | saab | saame | saate | saavad |
Estonian Future
editEstonian verbs have no Indicative Future. Instead, the Indicative Present shows the Future. Often the verb saama (to get) is used with the appropriate Nominal form of the verb (not Nominative case) to indicate the Future as well, which we won't be covering here yet.
Määrsõna
| Määrsõnad
|
Adverbs
|
|---|---|
| täna | today |
| homme | tomorrow |
| varsti | soon |
| hilja | late |
| siin | here |
| seal | there |
Phrases
edit- Kus on Toomas?
- Where is Toomas
- Millal Katrin tuleb?
- When is Katrin coming?
- Katrin tuleb varsti
- Katrin will come soon
- Kes täna tuleb?
- Who is coming today?
- Kus on köök?
- Where is the kitchen?
- Miks on Martin siin?
- Why is Martin here?
- Miks Martin siin on?
- Why is Martin here?
- Kus pood on?
- Where is the shop?
Questions & answers
editAeg
- Mis ajal? : What time on?
- Hommikul : On morning
- Laupäeval : On saturday
- Mis ajas? : What time at?
- Veebruaris : At february
- Kevadel : On summer
- Mis ajaks : What time for?
- Tänaseks : For today
- Juuniks : For june
- Kui tihti? : How much often?
- Viis korda päevas : 5 times a day
- Iga päev : Any day
- kui kaua? : How much time?
- Terve päev/päeva : Whole day
- Kogu päev/päeva : All day
- Mitu päev : Several day
KUS
- Kus sul on müts?
- Where do you have the hat?
- Mul on mütsi peas
- I have the hat in the head
- Kuhu sa paned müts?
- Where do you put the hat?
- Ma panen mütsi pease
- I put the hat into the head
- Kust sa võtad müts?
- Where do you take the hat?
- Ma võtan mütsi peast
- I take the hat out of the head