Estonian/Plural

In this lesson we'll learn about the Plural quantity, the Null subject and impersonal verbs.

Plural

English	Nominative s.	Genitive s.	Accusative s.		Nominative pl.	Genitive pl.	Accusative pl.
this	see	selle	seda		need	nende	neid
cat	kass	kassi	.kassi		kassid	kasside	.kasse .kassisid
dog	koer	koera	.koera		koerad	koerade koerte	.koeri .koerasid
newspaper	ajaleht	ajalehe	aja.lehte		ajalehed	aja.lehtede	aja.lehti aja.lehtesid
cup	tass	tassi	.tassi		tassid	tasside	.tasse .tassisid
mug	kruus	kruusi	.kruusi		kruusid	kruuside	.kruuse .kruusisid
Adjectives
big	suur	suure	suurt		suured	suurte	.suuri .suuresid
small	väike	väikse väikese	väikest väikset		väikesed väiksed	väikeste väiksete	väikseid väikeseid
heavy difficult	raske	raske	rasket		rasked	raskete	raskeid
light easy	kerge	kerge	kerget		kerged	kergete	kergeid
enough sufficient	.piisav	.piisava	.piisavat		.piisavad	.piisavate	.piisavaid

Plural direct object

In Partitive we learned that there are some verbs that distinguish between partial and whole direct objects like "võtma" - to take. In the whole case, these verbs took the Genitive instead of the Accusative. With plural direct objects, they will instead take the Nominative:

• Verb with distinction: Whole: ta võtab kruusi - ta võtab kruusid. Partitive: ta võtab .kruuse
• Verb without distinction: Whole: ta tahab seda - ta tahab neid. Partitive: ta tahab neid

Nouns

• raha (uncountable) - money
• töö - job, work

Adverbs

• ka - also, as well
• samuti - synonym of ka
• väga - very
• .liiga - too, excessively
• palju - many
• vähe - little, too little
• pisut - little
• veidi - synonym of pisut
• .liiga vähe - too little
• .liiga pisut - synonym of liiga vähe, but adopted from western European languages and might sound slightly foreign
• .piisavalt/.piisavasti - enough-adverbial. This is available in the two common adverb endings -lt and -sti

Verbs

• hoidma - hoia - to hold
• leidma - leia - to find
• üles leidma/leidma üles - üles leia/leia üles - whole of "leidma". "Üles" here is similar to "ära" in Partitive
• otsima - otsi - to look for/to search
• andma - anna - to give

Phrases

Ta otsib .kruuse Translation He is looking for mugs Siin on .liiga palju koeri Translation There are too many dogs here Ta annab piisavalt raha Translation He gives enough money Sa teed seda liiga vähe Translation You do this too little Ma tean, et see ajaleht on väga suur Translation I know that this newspaper is very big Ka tema koer on liiga väike Translation His/Her dog is too small too Even his/her dog is too small Ma pean iga tassi üles leidma Translation I must find every cup Kas seda on piisavalt? Translation Is there enough of this? Ta teeb väga kerget tööd Translation He does a very simple job