Goals
- Introduce language used at holidays and gatherings
- Begin Present Tense
- Advance production for simple present tense phrases.
Articles and Nouns
Articles in Spanish are classified in two sets of categories.
These two sections, gender and number, determine how nouns are treated within a sentence.
| Article Description Feminine:
|
|
| Singular
|
|
| La : The
|
Una: A
|
| Plural
|
|
| Las: The
|
Unas A
|
Examples:
La amiga. ---> Las amigas.
Una casa. ---> Unas casas.
|
| Article Description Masculine:
|
|
| Singular
|
|
| El : The
|
Un: A
|
| Plural
|
|
| Los The
|
Unos A
|
Examples:
Un amigo. --> Unos amigos.
El hogar --> Los hogares
|
Nouns: Family Traditions
|
General Vocabulary
| Español
|
Inglés
|
| comida
|
food
|
| familia
|
family
|
| amigo
|
friend
|
| cena
|
dinner
|
| casa
|
house
|
| apartamento
|
apartment
|
| hogar
|
home
|
| restaurante
|
restaurant
|
| fiesta
|
party
|
|
Holiday Types
| Español
|
Inglés
|
| Navidad
|
Christmas
|
| Kwanzaa
|
Kwanzaa
|
| Hanukkah
|
Hanukkah
|
| Día de los Muertos
|
Day of the Dead
|
| Solsticio de Invierno
|
Winter Solstice
|
| Diwali (Festival de las luces)
|
Diwali (Festival of lights)
|
| Pascua
|
Easter
|
| Año Nuevo
|
New Years
|
| Día de Independencia
|
Independence Day
|
|
|
Subject Pronouns
Classes of gender and number also exist within subject pronouns.
These two sections, gender and number, determine how nouns are treated within a sentence.
In Spanish, it is common for subject pronouns to be omitted, as they are incorporated as part of a verb conjugation.
We will begin verb conjugations next.
Nouns Check Point Activity:
Subject Pronouns
|
| Persona
|
Person
|
| Español
|
Inglés
|
| Yo
|
I
|
| Tú
|
You
|
| Él
|
He
|
| Ella
|
She
|
| Nosotros
|
We
|
| Ellos
|
They
|
| Ellas
|
They (females)
|
|
Infinitive Verbs: Family Tradition
There are three broad categories of verb-types in Spanish:
Verbs that end in ...
Infinitive Verb List
|
| Regular Verbs
|
|
| Español
|
Inglés
|
| preparar
|
to prepare
|
| invitar
|
to invite
|
| cocinar
|
to cook
|
| viajar
|
to travel
|
| celebrar
|
to celebrate
|
| decorar
|
to decorate
|
| deber
|
should
|
| comer
|
to eat
|
| vivir
|
to live
|
| escribir
|
to write
|
| leer
|
to read
|
|
| Irregular Verbs
|
|
| Español
|
Inglés
|
| ir
|
to go
|
| venir
|
to come
|
| tener
|
to have
|
| salir
|
to go out / to leave
|
| querer
|
to want
|
| ser
|
to be (permanent)
|
| estar
|
to be (temporary)
|
|
Conjugated Verbs:Present Tense
In Spanish, verbs are conjugated depending on the subject they are associated with, as well as the tense.
For now, we will focus on Present Simple Tense
Each subject pronoun is associated with a particular verb-ending type.
Subject - Verb Ending Conjugations
|
| Persona
|
Verb ends in:
|
| Español
|
Inglés
|
| Yo : I
|
-o
|
| Tú : You
|
-as / -es
|
| Él : He
|
-a / -e
|
| Ella: She
|
-a / -e
|
| Nosotros: We
|
-amos / -emos
|
| Ellos / Ellas: They
|
-an / -en
|
|
The general formula for creating verb conjugations is to replace the infinitive verb ending (-ar/-er/-ir) with the appropriate ending of the subject.
Although there are three verb-ending categories, -er and -ir verbs tend to share most of the conjugation endings.
Regular Verbs: Present Tense
|
-Ar Verbs Table
|
-AR Verbs
| Subject Pronoun
|
Verb Ending
|
Infinitive Verb
|
Conjugated Verb
|
Example - Spanish
|
Example - Translation
|
| Yo
|
-o
|
celebrar
|
celebro
|
Yo celebro a la fiesta.
|
I celebrate at the party.
|
| Tú
|
-as
|
invitar
|
invitas
|
Tú invitas a tú amigo.
|
You invite your friend.
|
| Él
|
-a
|
preparar
|
prepara
|
Él prepara la comida.
|
He prepares the food.
|
| Ella
|
-a
|
cocinar
|
cocina
|
Ella cocina la cena.
|
She cooks the dinner.
|
| Nosotros
|
-amos
|
viajar
|
viajamos
|
Viajamos a Florida cada Navidad.
|
We travel to Florida every Christmas.
|
| Ellos / Ellas
|
-an
|
decorar
|
decoran
|
Ellos no decoran el árbol.
|
They don't decorate the tree.
|
|
ER/IR Verbs Table
|
-ER / -IR Verbs
| Subject Pronoun
|
Verb Ending
|
Infinitive Verb
|
Conjugated Verb
|
Example - Spanish
|
Example - Translation
|
| Yo
|
-o
|
comer
|
como
|
Yo como la cena.
|
I eat the dinner.
|
| Tú
|
-es
|
escribir
|
escribes
|
Tú escribes una carta.
|
You write a card.
|
| Él
|
-e
|
leer
|
lee
|
Él lee la carta.
|
He reads the card.
|
| Ella
|
-e
|
vivir
|
vive
|
Ella vive en Nueva York.
|
She lives in New York.
|
| Nosotros
|
-imos / -emos
|
comer
|
comemos
|
Comemos juntos a la fiesta del Día de Independenia.
|
We eat together at the Independence Day party.
|
| Nosotros
|
-imos / -emos
|
vivir
|
vivimos
|
Nostoros vivimos en Mexico.
|
We live in Mexico.
|
| Ellos
|
-en
|
deber
|
deben
|
Ellos deben cocinar.
|
They should cook.
|
|
|
