Electronics Handbook/Components/Diodes/Light Emitting
A light emitting diode (LED) emits colored light when it conducts electricity.
Colored Light | Vd |
Infrared | 1.6 V |
Red | 1.8 V to 2.1 V |
Orange | 2.2 V |
Yellow | 2.4 V |
Green | 2.6 V |
Blue | 3.0 V to 3.5 V |
White | 3.0 V to 3.5 V |
Ultraviolet | 3.5 V |
Construction | Symbol | I - V Curve |
---|---|---|
Colors and Materials
editColor | Wavelength [nm] | Voltage [V] | Semi-conductor Material | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infrared | λ > 760 | ΔV < 1.9 | Gallium arsenide (GaAs) Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) | |
Red | 610 < λ < 760 | 1.63 < ΔV < 2.03 | Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) | |
Orange | 590 < λ < 610 | 2.03 < ΔV < 2.10 | Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) | |
Yellow | 570 < λ < 590 | 2.10 < ΔV < 2.18 | Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) | |
Green | 500 < λ < 570 | 2.18 < ΔV < 4.0 | Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) / Gallium(III) nitride (GaN) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Aluminium gallium phosphide (AlGaP) | |
Blue | 450 < λ < 500 | 2.48 < ΔV < 3.7 | Zinc selenide (ZnSe) Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) Silicon carbide (SiC) as substrate Silicon (Si) as substrate — (under development) | |
Violet | 400 < λ < 450 | 2.76 < ΔV < 4.0 | Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) | |
Purple | multiple types | 2.48 < ΔV < 3.7 | Dual blue/red LEDs, blue with red phosphor, or white with purple plastic | |
Ultraviolet | λ < 400 | 3.1 < ΔV < 4.4 | diamond (C) Aluminium nitride (AlN) Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) Aluminium gallium indium nitride (AlGaInN) — (down to 210 nm[1]) | |
White | Broad spectrum | ΔV = 3.5 | Blue/UV diode with yellow phosphor |
- ↑ "LEDs move into the ultraviolet". physicsworld.com. May 17, 2006. http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/24926. Retrieved 2007-08-13.