Classical Chinese/Lesson 6

喜雨亭記

Text	Middle Chinese (Baxter transliteration)	Ming-T'sing literary Mandarin vocalization (IPA)	Glosses	Translation
亭以雨名。	deng yiX hjuX mjieng.	tʱiŋ˩ ji˥˧ jy˥˧ miŋ˩.	kiosk - by - rain - to name	The kiosk is named after rain
誌喜也。	tsyiH xiX yaeX.	tʃiɨ˨˦ hi˥˧ jiɛ˥˧.	record - joy - (comment marker)	to record the joy.
古者有喜。	kuX tsyaeX hjuwX xiX.	ku˥˧ tʃiɛ˥˧ jiw˥˧ hi˥˧.	ancient - one(s) - to have - joy	When the ancient ones had something to celebrate,
則以名物。	tsok yiX mjieng mjut.	tsəʔ(k) ji˥˧ miŋ˩ vuʔ(t)˩.	then - by (it) - to name - object	they named an object after it
示不忘也。	zyijH pjuw mjang yaeX.	ʃʱiɨ˨˦ puʔ(t) vɑŋ˩ jiɛ˥˧.	show - do not - forget - (comment marker)	to show that they would not forget it.
周公得禾。	tsyuw kuwng tok hwa.	tʃiw kuŋ təʔ(k) ɦwɔ˩.	Tsyuw - duke - to gain - wheat	When Duke Tsyuw (Zhou) received the Wheat,
以名其書。	yiX mjieng gi syo.	ji˥˧ miŋ˩ kʱi˩ ʃy.	by (it) - to name - her/his/its - writing(s)	he named his written piece after it.
漢武得鼎。	xanH mjuX tok tengX.	hɑn˨˦ vu˥˧ təʔ(k) tiŋ˥˧.	XanH - MjuX - to gain - tengX(three legged ceremonial cauldron)	When emperor XanH MjuX (Wu of Han) gained his vessel,
以名其年。	yiX mjieng gi nen.	ji˥˧ miŋ˩ kʱi˩ niɛn˩.	by (it) - to name - her/his/its - year	He named his era after it.
叔孫勝敵。	syuwk swon syingH dek.	ʃyuʔ(k) sun ʃiŋ˨˦ diʔ(k)˩.	Syuwk - Swon - to win - enemy	When Syuwk Swon (Shusun) prevailed against his enemy,
以名其子。	yiX mjieng gi tsiX.	ji˥˧ miŋ˩ kʱi˩ tsɨ˥˧.	by (it) - to name - her/his/its - son	he named his son after the enemy.
其喜之大小不齊。	gi xiX tsyi dajH sjewX pjuw dzej.	kʱi˩ hi˥˧ tʃiɨ dai˨˦ siɛw˥˧ puʔ(t) tsʱi˩.	her/his/its - joy - (genitive marker) - to be big - to be small - do not - to be even	The scale of the celebrated matter was not all the same,
其示不忘一也。	gi zyijH pjuw mjang 'jit yaeX.	kʱi˩ ʃʱiɨ˨˦ puʔ(t) vɑŋ˩ 'jit jiɛ˥˧.	her/his/its - to show - do not - to forget - to be one - (comment marker)	yet their gesture of unforgettability were of the same intention.
予至扶風之明年。	yo tsyijH bju pjuwng tsyi mjaeng nen.	jy˩ tʃiɨ˨˦ fʱu˩ fuŋ tʃiɨ miŋ˩ niɛn˩.	I - to arrive - Bju - Pjuwng - (genitive marker) - morrow - year	In the second year since my arrival at Bju-pjuwng (Fufeng),
始治官舍。	syiX dri kwan syaeH.	ʃiɨ˥˧ tʃʱi˩ kwɔn ʃiɛ˨˦.	to start - to manage - officer - house	I started improving my official residence,
爲亭於堂之北。	hjwe deng 'jo dang tsyi pok.	ui˩ tʱiŋ˩ ʔy tʱɑŋ˩ tʃiɨ pəʔ(k).	to do - kiosk - at - hall - (genitive) - North	building a kiosk to the north of the hall
而鑿池其南。	nyi dzuw/dzak drje gi nom.	ɻ˩ dzuʔ(k)˩/dzɒʔ(k)˩ tʃʱi˩ kʱi˩ nam˩.	and/but - to chisel - pond - her/his/its - South	and carving out a pool to the south of it
引流種樹。	yinX ljuw tsyowngX dzyuH.	jin˥˧ liw˩ tʃyuŋ˥˧ ʃʱy˨˦.	to introduce - flow - to plant - tree	to bring water in for planting trees
以爲休息之所。	yiX hjwe xjuw sik tsyi srjoX.	ji˥˧ ui˩ hiw siʔ(k) tʃiɨ ʂu˥˧.	(purpose marker) - to do - to rest - to pause - (genitive marker) - location	in order to build a place of relief.
是歲之春。	dzyeX sjwejH tsyi tsyhwin.	ʃʱiɨ'˨˦ sui˨˦ tʃiɨ tʃʰyun.	this - year - (genitive marker) - the season centered around Spring equinox	In the early spring of the same year,
雨麥於歧山之陽。	hjuH meak 'jo gjie srean tsyi yang.	jy˨˦ məʔ(k)˩ ʔy kʱi˩ ʂan tʃiɨ jiɑŋ˩.	to precipitate - wheat - at - Gjie - mountain - (genitive marker) - bright side	Wheat fell from heaven to the south slope of Mount Gjie (Qi) -
其占爲有年。	gi tsyem hjwe hjuwX nen.	kʱi˩ tʃiɛm ui˩ jiw˥˧ niɛn˩.	it - to foretell - to hold possesion - year	an omen of a plentiful year.
既而彌月不雨。	kj+jH nyi mjie ngjwot pjuw hjuX.	ki˨˦ ɻ˩ mi˩ (ŋ)yuɛʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) jy˥˧.	to finish - and - long - month - do not - to rain	Yet since then, rain did not fall for as long as one month
民方以爲憂。	mjin pjang yiX hjwe 'juw.	min˩ fɑŋ ji˥˧ ui˩ ʔiw.	commoner - right then - to consider (it) - to be as - worry	and the people started to considered it worrieable.
越三月。	hjwot sam ngjwot.	jyuɛʔ(t)˩ sam (ŋ)yuɛʔ(t)˩.	to skip - three - month	Three months passed,
乙卯乃雨。	’it maewX nojX hjuX.	ʔiʔ(t) maw˥˧ nai˥˧ jy˥˧.	’It - MaewX - only then - to rain	it was the day of ’It MaewX (Yimao, 52nd day in a 60-day cycle), and only then did rain fall.
甲子又雨。	kaep tsiX hjuwH hjuX.	kiaʔ(p) tsɨ˥˧ jiw˨˦ jy˥˧.	Kaep - TsiX - further more - to rain	On the day of Kaep TsiX (Jiazi, first day in a 60-day cycle), it rained again.
民以爲未足。	mjin yiX hjwe mj+jH tsjowk.	min˩ ji˥˧ ui˩ vi˨˦ tsyuʔ(k).	commoner - to consider (it) - to be as - not yet - to be enough	People did not feel that it was enough.
丁卯大雨。	teng maewX dajH hjuX.	tiŋ maw˥˧ dai˨˦ jy˥˧.	Teng - MaewX - to be big - to rain	On the day of Teng MaewX (Dingmao, 4th day in a 60-day cycle), rain fell heavily
三日乃止。	sam nyit nojX tsyiX.	sam ʒiʔ(t)˩ nai˥˧ tʃiɨ˥˧.	three - day - only then - to stop	and did not stop until three days had passed.
官吏相與慶於庭。	kwan liH sjang yoX khjaengH 'jo deng.	kwɔn li˨˦ siɑŋ jy˥˧ kʰiŋ˨˦ ʔy tʱiŋ˩.	officer - government worker - mutually - to join - to celebrate - at - court	The officers joined each other celebrating in the court,
商賈相與歌於市。	syang kuX sjang yoX ka 'jo dzyiX.	ʃiɑŋ ku˥˧ siɑŋ jy˥˧ kɔ ʔy ʃʱiɨ'˨˦.	merchants - - mutually - to join - to sing - at - market	the merchants with each other singing in the market
農夫相與忭於野。	nowng pju sjang yoX bjenH 'jo yaeX.	nuŋ˩ fu siɑŋ jy˥˧ biɛn˨˦ ʔy jiɛ˥˧.	farming - man - mutually - to join - to rejoice - at - field	and the farmers with each other rejoicing in the fields
憂者以喜。	’juw tsyaeX yiX xiX.	ʔiw tʃiɛ˥˧ ji˥˧ hi˥˧.	worrying - one(s) - by (it) - to be joyful	The worriers were rejoiced for it.
病者以愈。	bjaengH tsyaeX yiX yuX.	biŋ˨˦ tʃiɛ˥˧ ji˥˧ jy˥˧.	illness - one(s) - by (it) - to heal	and the sick healed by it.
而吾亭適成。	nyi ngu deng syek dzyeng.	ɻ˩ ŋu˩ tʱiŋ˩ ʃiʔ(k) tʃʱiŋ˩.	and - my - kiosk - right then - to accomplish	My kiosk happened to finish building at the same time,
於是舉酒於亭上。	’jo dzyeX kjoX tsjuwX 'jo deng dzyangH.	ʔy ʃʱiɨ'˨˦ ky˥˧ tsiw˥˧ ʔy tʱiŋ˩ ʃʱiɑŋ˨˦.	at - such - to raise - alcohol - at - kiosk - upside	thus I raised my cup standing at the kiosk
以屬客而告之。	yiX tsyowk khaek nyi kawH tsyi.	ji˥˧ tʃyuʔ(k) kʰəʔ(k) ɻ˩ kaw˨˦ tʃiɨ.	so as to - to address - guest(s) - and - to tell - then	addressing the guests
曰	hjwot	jyuɛʔ(t)˩	to say	saying
「五日不雨。	“nguX nyit pjuw hjuX.	“ŋu˥˧ ʒiʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) jy˥˧.	five - day - do not - to rain	"Were there five days without rain,
可乎」	khaX hu”	kʰɔ˥˧ ɦu˩”	acceptable - (interrogative marker)	would it be fine?".
曰	hjwot	jyuɛʔ(t)˩	to say	They answered
「五日不雨。	“nguX nyit pjuw hjuX.	“ŋu˥˧ ʒiʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) jy˥˧.	five - day - do not - to rain	"Were there five days without rain,
則無麥」	tsok mju meak”	tsəʔ(k) vu˩ məʔ(k)˩”	in that case then - none - wheat	there would be no wheat."
「十日不雨。	“dzyip nyit pjuw hjuX.	“ʃʱiʔ(p)˩ ʒiʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) jy˥˧.	ten - day - do not - to rain	"Were there ten days without rain,
可乎」	khaX hu”	kʰɔ˥˧ ɦu˩”	acceptable - (interrogative marker)	would it be fine?".
曰	hjwot	jyuɛʔ(t)˩	to say	They answered
「十日不雨。	“dzyip nyit pjuw hjuX.	“ʃʱiʔ(p)˩ ʒiʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) jy˥˧.	ten - day - do not - to rain	"Were there ten days without rain,
則無禾」	tsok mju hwa”	tsəʔ(k) vu˩ ɦwɔ˩”	in that case then - none - rice plant	there would be no rice."
無麥無禾。	mju meak mju hwa.	vu˩ məʔ(k)˩ vu˩ ɦwɔ˩.	none - wheat - none - rice plant	Without wheat or rice
歲且薦饑。	sjwejH tshjaeX tsenH kj+j.	sui˨˦ tsʰiɛ˥˧ tsiɛn˨˦ ki.	year - will - to send forth - unripe grain	but only unripe grains yield by the year,
獄訟繁興。	ngjowk zjowngH bjon xing.	(ŋ)yuʔ(k)˩ sʱyuŋ˨˦ fʱan˩ hiŋ.	crime - prosecution - to flourish - to be active	there will be frequent conflicts brought to the court
而盜賊滋熾。	nyi dawH dzok tsi tsyhiH.	ɻ˩ daw˨˦ dzəʔ(k)˩ tsɨ tʃʰiɨ˨˦.	and - thieves - - to start to grow - to burn hot	and crimes will thrive.
則吾與二三子雖欲優游以樂於此亭。	tsok ngu yoX nyijH sam tsiX swij yowk 'juw yuw yiX lak 'jo tshjeX deng.	tsəʔ(k) ŋu˩ jy˥˧ ɻ˨˦ sam tsɨ˥˧ sui jyuʔ(k)˩ ʔiw jiw˩ ji˥˧ lɒʔ(k)˩ ʔy tsʰɨ˥˧ tʱiŋ˩.	in that case then - I - with - two - three - sir - even though / even if - to want - to relax - - so as to - to enjoy oneself - at - this - kiosk	In that case, even if you, my sirs, and I would like to enjoy leisure in this kiosk,
其可得邪。	gi khaX tok yae.	kʱi˩ kʰɔ˥˧ təʔ(k) jiɛ˩.	(subjunctive marker) - to be possible - to get - (interrogative marker)	could we possibly attain it?
今天不遺斯民。	kim then pjuw ywij sje mjin.	kim tʰiɛn puʔ(t) j(u)i˩ sɨ min˩.	now - heaven - do not - to leave behind - this - commoner(s)	Yet now Heaven has not abandoned this people
始旱而賜之以雨。	syiX hanX nyi sjeH tsyi yiX hjuX.	ʃiɨ˥˧ ɦɑn'˨˦ ɻ˩ sɨ˨˦ tʃiɨ ji˥˧ jy˥˧.	in the beginning - draught - and/but - to grant - them - with - rain	and granted them rain despite the draught in the beginning,
使吾與二三子。	sriX ngu yoX nyijH sam tsiX.	ʂɨ˥˧ ŋu˩ jy˥˧ ɻ˨˦ sam tsɨ˥˧.	to let - me - with - two - three - sir	making it for us
得相與優游而樂於此亭者。	tok sjang yoX 'juw yuw nyi lak 'jo tshjeX deng tsyaeX.	təʔ(k) siɑŋ jy˥˧ ʔiw jiw˩ ɻ˩ lɒʔ(k)˩ ʔy tsʰɨ˥˧ tʱiŋ˩ tʃiɛ˥˧.	to get to - mutually - to join - to relax - - and - to enjoy oneself - at - this - kiosk - (topic marker)	possible to rejoice with leisure in this kiosk.
皆雨之賜也。	keaj hjuX tsyi sjeH yaeX.	kiai jy˥˧ tʃiɨ sɨ˨˦ jiɛ˥˧.	in all - rain - (genitive marker) - granting - (comment marker)	All of such is the benefaction of the rain;
其又可忘邪。	gi hjuwH khaX mjang yae.	kʱi˩ jiw˨˦ kʰɔ˥˧ vɑŋ˩ jiɛ˩.	it - further more - to be allowed - to forget - (interrogative marker)	Could we, after all these, forget it?
既以名亭。	kj+jH yiX mjieng deng.	ki˨˦ ji˥˧ miŋ˩ tʱiŋ˩.	To have done - by (it) - to name - kiosk	After naming the kiosk after the rain,
又從而歌之。	hjuwH dzjowng nyi ka tsyi.	jiw˨˦ tsʱyuŋ˩ ɻ˩ kɔ tʃiɨ.	further more - to follow - and - to sing - it	we proceeded to sing about it,
曰	hjwot	jyuɛʔ(t)˩	to say	saying
「使天而雨珠。	“sriX then nyi hjuH tsyu.	“ʂɨ˥˧ tʰiɛn ɻ˩ jy˨˦ tʃy.	to let - heaven - and/but - to precipitate - pearl	"Shall pearls fall from heaven,
寒者不得以爲襦。	han tsyaeX pjuw tok yiX hjwe nyu.	ɦɑn˩ tʃiɛ˥˧ puʔ(t) təʔ(k) ji˥˧ ui˩ ʒy˩.	coldness - one(s) - do not - to get to - by (it) - to make - short coat	they will not provide those in cold to weave.
使天而雨玉。	sriX then nyi hjuH ngjowk.	ʂɨ˥˧ tʰiɛn ɻ˩ jy˨˦ (ŋ)yuʔ(k)˩.	to let - heaven - and/but - to precipitate - jade	Shall jade fall from heaven,
飢者不得以爲粟。	kij tsyaeX pjuw tok yiX hjwe sjowk.	ki tʃiɛ˥˧ puʔ(t) təʔ(k) ji˥˧ ui˩ syuʔ(k).	hunger - one(s) - do not - to get to - by (it) - to make - millet	they will not provide those of hunger to cook.
一雨三日。	’jit hjuX sam nyit.	ʔiʔ(t) jy˥˧ sam ʒiʔ(t).	one - rain - three - day	For a rainfall to last for three days,
伊誰之力。	’jij dzywij tsyi lik.	ʔi ʂʱui˩ tʃiɨ liʔ(k)˩.	to thank to - who - (genitive marker) - force	to whose work is it to thank?
民曰太守。	mjin hjwot thajH syuwH.	min˩ jyuɛʔ(t)˩ tʰai˨˦ ʃiw˨˦.	commoner - to say - ThajH - SyuwH	The people say it is ThajH SyuwH (Taishou, a type of officer)
太守不有。	thajH syuwH pjuw hjuwX.	tʰai˨˦ ʃiw˨˦ puʔ(t) jiw˥˧.	ThajH - SyuwH - do not - to hold possession	ThajH SyuwH does not claim to own it.
歸之天子。	kjw+j tsyi then tsiX.	kui tʃiɨ tʰiɛn tsɨ˥˧.	To attribute - it - heaven - son	Attributing it to the emperor (lit. Son of Heaven),
天子曰不然。	then tsiX hjwot pjuw nyen.	tʰiɛn tsɨ˥˧ jyuɛʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) ʒiɛn˩.	heaven - son - to say - not - so	the emperor says no.
歸之造物。	kjw+j tsyi dzawX mjut.	kui tʃiɨ dzaw'˨˦ vuʔ(t)˩.	To attribute - it - making - things	Attributing it to the Creator,
造物不自以爲功。	dzawX mjut pjuw dzijH yiX hjwe kuwng.	dzaw'˨˦ vuʔ(t)˩ puʔ(t) dzɨ˨˦ ji˥˧ ui˩ kuŋ.	making - things - do not - self - to consider (it) - to be as - achievement	the Creator refuses to be the sole hero.
歸之太空。	kjw+j tsyi thajH khuwng.	kui tʃiɨ tʰai˨˦ kʰuŋ.	To attribute - it - supreme - emptiness	Attributing it to the universe,
太空冥冥。	thajH khuwng meng meng.	tʰai˨˦ kʰuŋ miŋ˩ miŋ˩.	supreme - emptiness - dark and vast -	the universe is dark and vast
不可得而名。	pjuw khaX tok nyi mjieng.	puʔ(t) kʰɔ˥˧ təʔ(k) ɻ˩ miŋ˩.	do not - can - to get to - and - to name	with nothing confined by names.
吾以名吾亭」	ngu yiX mjieng ngu deng”	ŋu˩ ji˥˧ miŋ˩ ŋu˩ tʱiŋ˩”	I - by (it) - to name - my - kiosk	I shall have it for the name of my kiosk."