Table of contents

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  • Chapter 2 Early Middle Ages
    • Peoples of the Early Middle Ages
    • Turkic migration and Viking Age
    • Italian Peninsula in the Middle Ages
    • Francia and the Carolingian Empire
    • Europe from 814
    • Reconquista, and unification of Spain
  • Chapter 3 High Middle Ages
    • States and territories of the High Middle Ages
    • France and England
    • Holy Roman Empire
    • Christianity and the Great Schism
    • Islam and the Crusades
    • Mongol invasions
    • Medieval renaissances and cultural changes
  • Chapter 4 Late Middle Ages
    • States and territories of the Late Middle Ages
    • Crisis of the Late Middle Ages
    • Avignon Papacy and Western Schism
    • Hundred Years' War
    • Burgundian State
    • War of the Roses
    • Holy Roman Empire and Hanseatic League
    • Rise of Muscovy
    • Rise of the Ottoman Empire
  • Chapter 5 Early modern period part 1
    • States and territories of the early modern period
    • Rise of Austria and Brandenburg-Prussia
    • Houses of Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine
    • Dutch Golden Age
    • Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia
    • House of Bourbon and France
    • Rise of Russia
  • Chapter 6 Early modern period part 2
    • Age of Discovery and colonial empires
    • Reformation and religious turmoil
    • Thirty Years' War
    • Religious tensions in England and Scotland
    • Rise of philosophy, the arts, science and trade
  • Chapter 7 Late modern period until 1914
    • States and territories of the late modern period
    • Late eighteenth century
    • Napoleonic Era
    • Post-Napoleonic Europe
    • New Imperialism
    • Industrialization and cultural changes
  • Chapter 8 Europe since 1914
    • World War I
    • Eastern Question
    • Interwar Period
    • World War II
    • Cold War
    • Yugoslav Wars
    • Other aspects of the contemporary period