Blender 3D: Blending Into Python/Cookbook
Image Functions
editEdit Image in External Program
editThis runs in linux (probably any unix), and launches The Gimp. It could probably be modified to launch Photoshop in windows.
In Gnome, KDE and Mac OS X, you can use a command to open documents using the default or a specified application.
- KDE: kfmclient openURL <URL, relative or absolute path>
- Gnome: gnome-open <any URL or path Gnome understands>
- Mac OS X: open [-a <application name>] <path>
Win32 has some open command too, maybe somebody could add this in.
#!BPY
"""
Name: 'Edit Image in the Gimp'
Blender: 232
Group: 'UV'
Tooltip: 'Edit Image in the Gimp.'
"""
from Blender import *
import os
def main():
image = Image.GetCurrent()
if not image: # Image is None
print 'ERROR: You must select an active Image.'
return
imageFileName = sys.expandpath( image.filename )
#appstring = 'xnview "%f"'
#appstring = 'gqview "%f"'
appstring = 'gimp-remote "%f"'
# -------------------------------
appstring = appstring.replace('%f', imageFileName)
os.system(appstring)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Find Images
editThis script recursively searches for images that have broken files references.
It works by giving the user a root path, then finds and re-links all images within that path.
Its very useful when migrating projects to different computers.
#!BPY
"""
Name: 'Find all image files'
Blender: 232
Group: 'UV'
Tooltip: 'Finds all image files from this blend an relinks'
"""
__author__ = "Campbell Barton AKA Ideasman"
__url__ = ["http://members.iinet.net.au/~cpbarton/ideasman/", "blender", "elysiun"]
__bpydoc__ = """\
Blah
"""
from Blender import *
import os
#==============================================#
# Strips the slashes from the back of a string #
#==============================================#
def stripPath(path):
return path.split('/')[-1].split('\\')[-1]
# finds the file starting at the root.
def findImage(findRoot, imagePath):
newImageFile = None
imageFile = imagePath.split('/')[-1].split('\\')[-1]
# ROOT, DIRS, FILES
pathWalk = os.walk(findRoot)
pathList = [True]
matchList = [] # Store a list of (match, size), choose the biggest.
while True:
try:
pathList = pathWalk.next()
except:
break
for file in pathList[2]:
# FOUND A MATCH
if file.lower() == imageFile.lower():
name = pathList[0] + sys.sep + file
try:
size = os.path.getsize(name)
except:
size = 0
if size:
print ' found:', name
matchList.append( (name, size) )
if matchList == []:
print 'no match for:', imageFile
return None
else:
# Sort by file size
matchList.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True )
print 'using:', matchList[0][0]
# First item is the largest
return matchList[0][0] # 0 - first, 0 - pathname
# Makes the pathe relative to the blend file path.
def makeRelative(path):
blendBasePath = sys.expandpath('//')
if path.startswith(blendBasePath):
path = path.replace(blendBasePath, '//')
path = path.replace('//\\', '//')
return path
def find_images(findRoot):
print findRoot
# findRoot = Draw.PupStrInput ('find in: ', '', 100)
if findRoot == '':
Draw.PupMenu('No Directory Selected')
return
# Account for //
findRoot = sys.expandpath(findRoot)
# Strip filename
while findRoot[-1] != '/' and findRoot[-1] != '\\':
findRoot = findRoot[:-1]
if not findRoot.endswith(sys.sep):
findRoot += sys.sep
if findRoot != '/' and not sys.exists(findRoot[:-1]):
Draw.PupMenu('Directory Dosent Exist')
Window.WaitCursor(1)
# ============ DIR DONE\
images = Image.Get()
len_images = float(len(images))
for idx, i in enumerate(images):
progress = idx / len_images
Window.DrawProgressBar(progress, 'searching for images')
# If files not there?
if not sys.exists(sys.expandpath(i.filename )):
newImageFile = findImage(findRoot, i.filename)
if newImageFile != None:
newImageFile = makeRelative(newImageFile)
print 'newpath:', newImageFile
i.filename = newImageFile
i.reload()
Window.RedrawAll()
Window.DrawProgressBar(1.0, '')
Window.WaitCursor(0)
if __name__ == '__main__':
Window.FileSelector(find_images, 'SEARCH ROOT DIR', sys.expandpath('//'))
Remove Double Images
editThis script finds images that are referenced more than once, and looks through all meshes texface's, and assigns only one of the images.
If a face has no users the image is removed.
This is useful because when an image is loaded more than once, it's also loaded into system memory and graphics card memory more than once, wasting resources.
Support for image type textures still needs doing.
#!BPY
"""
Name: 'Remove Double Images'
Blender: 232
Group: 'UV'
Tooltip: 'Remove Double Images'
"""
from Blender import *
def main():
# Sync both lists
fNameList = []#
bImageList = [] # Sync with the one abovr.
bImageReplacePointer = dict() # The length of IMage.Get()
imgIdx = 0
# Sort by name lengths so image.001 will be replaced by image
Images = Image.Get()
Images.sort(key=lambda x: len(x.name), reverse=True )
for bimg in Images:
expendedFName = sys.expandpath(bimg.filename)
bImageReplacePointer[expendedFName] = bimg
print 'Remove Double Images, loading mesh data...',
uniqueMeshNames = []
# get all meshs
doubles = 0
for ob in Object.Get():
if ob.getType() == 'Mesh' and ob.getData(1) not in uniqueMeshNames:
m = ob.getData(mesh=1)
uniqueMeshNames.append(ob.getData(1))
# We Have a new mesh,
imageReplaced = 0
for f in m.faces:
image = None
try: image = f.image
except: pass
if image:
replaceImage = bImageReplacePointer[ sys.expandpath(f.image.filename) ]
if replaceImage.name != image.name:
f.image = replaceImage
imageReplaced = 1
if imageReplaced:
doubles += 1
m.update()
print '\tchanged', m.name
else:
print '\tunchanged', m.name
print 'Done, %i doubles removed.' % doubles
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Material Functions
editToon Material Batch Conversion Script
editthis script changes *all* materials in your currently open blend file to toon materials. after executing, check the blender console for script output.
as this script alters *all* of your material settings in your currently opened blend file, you should *not* run it on a project that has not been saved yet! changes made to materials while using this script cannot be undone!
note: changes are not permanently committed to your blend file unless you choose to save your file after executing this script.
import Blender
from Blender import Material, Scene
from Blender.Scene import Render
print "\nTOON MATERIAL CONVERSION SCRIPT V1.0 STARTED...\n"
# Get list of active materials from Blender
materials = Blender.Material.Get()
# Get render information needed for edge setting
scn = Scene.GetCurrent()
context = scn.getRenderingContext()
print "PROGRESS: CONVERTING ALL MATERIALS TO TOON TYPE..."
# Change materials to Toon Diffuse/Specular
for m in materials:
# Diffuse Shader (2 = Toon)
m.setDiffuseShader(2)
# Specular Shader (3 = Toon)
m.setSpecShader(3)
# THE FOLLOWING SETTINGS CAN
# BE CHANGED TO DIFFERENT
# VALUES WITHIN THE SPECIFIED
# RANGE OF ACCEPTABLE NUMBERS:
# Diffuse Size (0 to 3.14)
m.setDiffuseSize(1.5)
# Diffuse Smooth (0 to 1.0)
m.setDiffuseSmooth(.5)
# Reflect Amount (0 to 1.0)
# - optionally here to help you
# with any necessary batch changes
# to all material reflection values
# Remove "#" from line below to use:
# m.setRef(.75)
# Specular (0 to 2.0)
m.setSpec(.3)
# Specular Smooth (0 to 1.0)
m.setSpecSmooth(.5)
# Specular Size (0 to 3.14)
m.setSpecSize(.4)
# Enable toon edge: 0 = off, 1 = on
context.enableToonShading(1)
# Edge Intension (0 to 255)
context.edgeIntensity(30)
print "PROGRESS: CONVERSION FINISHED!\nTWEAK MATERIALS AND LIGHTING AS NECESSARY."
Blender.Redraw()
Curve Functions
editLength of a curve
editThis function gets the combined length of all edges. Most useful to get the length of a curve. Be careful, because it will get the length of every curve in a curve object!
Note that this function doesn't take the object's transformation into account when getting the length.
from Blender import Mesh, Object
def curve_length(ob): # Can realy be any object
me= Mesh.New()
me.getFromObject(cu_ob.name)
totlength= 0.0
for ed in me.edges:
# Blender 2.42 can simply do
# totlength+= ed.length
totlength+= (ed.v1.co-ed.v2.co).length
return totlength
# TEST THE FUNCTION
cu_ob= Object.Get('mycurve')
print curve_length(cu_ob)
Text Functions
editPaste Text in Unix
editPaste text in X11, requires uclip [[1]]
#!BPY
"""
Name: 'Text from Clipboard'
Blender: 234
Group: 'Add'
Tooltip: 'Text from Clipboard X11'
"""
from Blender import Text
import os
clip = os.popen('uclip -o')
clipTxt = clip.read()
text = Text.New(clipTxt[0:10])
text.write(clipTxt)
Save all Texts as files
editSaves all text editor texts as files in the current working directory. WARNING: This will overwrite files with those names!
import Blender
texts=Blender.Text.Get()
for text in texts:
out=file(text.name, 'w')
for line in text.asLines():
out.write(line+'\n')
Mesh Functions
editExamples and functions for Blenders NMesh, GMesh and new Mesh module.
Mesh tool template
editUse this to base your editmode mesh tool on.
#!BPY
""" Registration info for Blender menus:
Name: 'Template Mesh Editmode tool...'
Blender: 237
Group: 'Mesh'
Tooltip: 'Change this template text tooltip'
"""
__author__ = "Your Name"
__url__ = ("blender", "elysiun")
__version__ = "1.0"
__bpydoc__ = """\
Multilin Script Help
Document your script here.
"""
from Blender import *
def main():
scn = Scene.GetCurrent()
ob = scn.getActiveObject() # Gets the current active object (If Any)
if ob == None or ob.getType() != 'Mesh': # Checks the active objects a mesh
Draw.PupMenu('ERROR%t|Select a mesh object.')
return
Window.WaitCursor(1) # So the user knowns the script is busy.
is_editmode = Window.EditMode() # Store edit mode state
if is_editmode: Window.EditMode(0) # Python must get a mesh in object mode.
me = ob.getData()
#================#
# EDIT MESH HERE #
#================#
for v in me.verts:
if v.sel: # Operating on selected verts is what the user expects.
v.co.x = v.co.x * 2
#================#
# FINISH EDITING #
#================#
me.update() # Writes the mesh back into Blender.
# Go back into editmode if we started in edit mode.
if is_editmode: Window.EditMode(1)
Window.WaitCursor(0)
if __name__ == '__main__': # Dont run the script if its imported by another script.
main()
Desaturate Meshes VertCol
editUses the new Mesh module. In Blender 2.4 only. Desaturates using the same weighting as Photoshop uses.
from Blender import Mesh, Object
for ob in Object.GetSelected():
if ob.getType() == 'Mesh':
me = ob.getData(mesh=1)
if me.faceUV:
for f in me.faces:
for c in f.col:
# Weighted colour conversion, as used by photoshop.
c.r = c.g = c.b = int(((c.r*30) + (c.g*59) + (c.b*11)) / 100.0)
Point inside a Mesh
editThis function returns 1/0 depending on whether the provided point is inside a mesh. It relies on the mesh having a continuous skin, no holes in it. (Otherwise the problem doesn't make sense.)
It uses the method of seeing how many face intersections there are along a line segment between that point, and a point somewhere outside the meshs bounds.
An even number of intersections means it's outside, an odd for inside. Hence we return len(intersections) % 2 where intersections generates a list of intersections.
This function uses a Z direction vector so we can save some CPU cycles by first doing an X/Y bounds test to see if the points could intersect, before doing a full ray intersection.
from Blender import *
def pointInsideMesh(ob, pt):
Intersect = Mathutils.Intersect # 2 less dict lookups.
Vector = Mathutils.Vector
def ptInFaceXYBounds(f, pt):
co= f.v[0].co
xmax= xmin= co.x
ymax= ymin= co.y
co= f.v[1].co
xmax= max(xmax, co.x)
xmin= min(xmin, co.x)
ymax= max(ymax, co.y)
ymin= min(ymin, co.y)
co= f.v[2].co
xmax= max(xmax, co.x)
xmin= min(xmin, co.x)
ymax= max(ymax, co.y)
ymin= min(ymin, co.y)
if len(f.v)==4:
co= f.v[3].co
xmax= max(xmax, co.x)
xmin= min(xmin, co.x)
ymax= max(ymax, co.y)
ymin= min(ymin, co.y)
# Now we have the bounds, see if the point is in it.
return xmin <= pt.x <= xmax and \
ymin <= pt.y <= ymax
def faceIntersect(f):
isect = Intersect(f.v[0].co, f.v[1].co, f.v[2].co, ray, obSpacePt, 1) # Clipped.
if not isect and len(f.v) == 4:
isect = Intersect(f.v[0].co, f.v[2].co, f.v[3].co, ray, obSpacePt, 1) # Clipped.
return bool(isect and isect.z > obSpacePt.z) # This is so the ray only counts if its above the point.
obImvMat = Mathutils.Matrix(ob.matrixWorld)
obImvMat.invert()
pt.resize4D()
obSpacePt = pt* obImvMat
pt.resize3D()
obSpacePt.resize3D()
ray = Vector(0,0,-1)
me= ob.getData(mesh=1)
# Here we find the number on intersecting faces, return true if an odd number (inside), false (outside) if its true.
return len([None for f in me.faces if ptInFaceXYBounds(f, obSpacePt) if faceIntersect(f)]) % 2
# Example, see if the cursor is inside the mesh.
if __name__ == '__main__':
scn= Scene.GetCurrent()
ob= scn.getActiveObject()
pt= Mathutils.Vector(Window.GetCursorPos())
print 'Testing if cursor is inside the mesh',
inside= pointInsideMesh(ob, pt)
print inside
Scanfill for importers
editThis function takes a mesh and a list of vert indicies representing an ngon. It returns a list of tri indicies that make up the scanfilled face. This is much more useful for importers.
it also handles cases where scanfill does not work by returning a triangle fan.
It may be faster than using the mesh.fill() function on your original mesh because cycling editmode can be slow on a lot of data. Another advantage with this function over simply using fill() is you can be sure the faces will be flipped the right way, according to the order of the indicies.
from Blender import *
def ngon(from_mesh, indicies):
if len(indicies) < 4:
return [indicies]
is_editmode= Window.EditMode()
if is_editmode:
Window.EditMode(0)
temp_mesh = Mesh.New()
temp_mesh.verts.extend( [from_mesh.verts[i].co for i in indicies] )
temp_mesh.edges.extend( [(temp_mesh.verts[i], temp_mesh.verts[i-1]) for i in xrange(len(temp_mesh.verts))] )
oldmode = Mesh.Mode()
Mesh.Mode(Mesh.SelectModes['VERTEX'])
for v in temp_mesh.verts:
v.sel= 1
# Must link to scene
scn= Scene.GetCurrent()
temp_ob= Object.New('Mesh')
temp_ob.link(temp_mesh)
scn.link(temp_ob)
temp_mesh.fill()
scn.unlink(temp_ob)
Mesh.Mode(oldmode)
new_indicies= [ [v.index for v in f.v] for f in temp_mesh.faces ]
if not new_indicies: # JUST DO A FAN, Cant Scanfill
print 'Warning Cannot scanfill!- Fallback on a triangle fan.'
new_indicies = [ [indicies[0], indicies[i-1], indicies[i]] for i in xrange(2, len(indicies)) ]
else:
# Use real scanfill.
# See if its flipped the wrong way.
flip= None
for fi in new_indicies:
if flip != None:
break
for i, vi in enumerate(fi):
if vi==0 and fi[i-1]==1:
flip= 0
break
elif vi==1 and fi[i-1]==0:
flip= 1
break
if flip:
for fi in new_indicies:
fi.reverse()
if is_editmode:
Window.EditMode(1)
return new_indicies
# === ===== EG
scn= Scene.GetCurrent()
me = scn.getActiveObject().getData(mesh=1)
ind= [v.index for v in me.verts if v.sel] # Get indicies
indicies = ngon(me, ind) # fill the ngon.
# Extand the faces to show what the scanfill looked like.
print len(indicies)
me.faces.extend([[me.verts[ii] for ii in i] for i in indicies])
Triangulate NMesh
editThis is a function to be used by other scripts, its useful if you want to make your life simpler by only dealing with triangles.
The shortest edge method is used for dividing the quad into 2 tri's.
def triangulateNMesh(nm):
'''
Converts the meshes faces to tris, modifies the mesh in place.
'''
#============================================================================#
# Returns a new face that has the same properties as the origional face #
# but with no verts #
#============================================================================#
def copyFace(face):
newFace = NMesh.Face()
# Copy some generic properties
newFace.mode = face.mode
if face.image != None:
newFace.image = face.image
newFace.flag = face.flag
newFace.mat = face.mat
newFace.smooth = face.smooth
return newFace
# 2 List comprehensions are a lot faster then 1 for loop.
tris = [f for f in nm.faces if len(f) == 3]
quads = [f for f in nm.faces if len(f) == 4]
if quads: # Mesh may have no quads.
has_uv = quads[0].uv
has_vcol = quads[0].col
for quadFace in quads:
# Triangulate along the shortest edge
if (quadFace.v[0].co - quadFace.v[2].co).length < (quadFace.v[1].co - quadFace.v[3].co).length:
# Method 1
triA = 0,1,2
triB = 0,2,3
else:
# Method 2
triA = 0,1,3
triB = 1,2,3
for tri1, tri2, tri3 in (triA, triB):
newFace = copyFace(quadFace)
newFace.v = [quadFace.v[tri1], quadFace.v[tri2], quadFace.v[tri3]]
if has_uv: newFace.uv = [quadFace.uv[tri1], quadFace.uv[tri2], quadFace.uv[tri3]]
if has_vcol: newFace.col = [quadFace.col[tri1], quadFace.col[tri2], quadFace.col[tri3]]
nm.addEdge(quadFace.v[tri1], quadFace.v[tri3]) # Add an edge where the 2 tris are devided.
tris.append(newFace)
nm.faces = tris
Fix vertex winding in "bowtie" quads
editSometimes you may encounter quad faces which, although correctly coplanar, aren't quite "full". This comes from the vertices being in the wrong order, and causes the face to overlap itself, often leaving undesired holes and black areas where the normals point the wrong way. To see what this all means, just make a plane and switch places for the vertices at any edge. The connecting edges will then cross. Since the normals of the face don't make sense in this situation, the script can't guarantee that the normal points outwards after finishing.
#!BPY
"""
Name: 'Quadsorter'
Blender: 233
Group: 'Mesh'
Tip: 'Fix winding order for quad faces for all selected meshes'
Author: Yann Vernier (LoneTech)
"""
from Blender.Mathutils import Vector, CrossVecs, DotVecs
def sortface(f):
if len(f) != 4:
return f
v=[Vector(list(p)) for p in f]
v2m0=v[2]-v[0]
# The normal of the plane
n=CrossVecs(v[1]-v[0], v2m0)
#k=DotVecs(v[0],n)
#if DotVecs(v[3],n) != k:
# raise ValueError("Not Coplanar")
# Well, the above test would be a good hint to make triangles.
# Get a vector pointing along the plane perpendicular to v[0]-v[2]
n2=CrossVecs(n, v2m0)
# Get the respective distances along that line
k=[DotVecs(p,n2) for p in v[1:]]
# Check if the vertices are on the proper side
if cmp(k[1],k[0]) == cmp(k[1],k[2]):
#print "Bad",v
f.v=[f[0],f[2],f[3],f[1]]
from Blender.Object import GetSelected
for obj in GetSelected():
if obj.getType() == 'Mesh':
mesh=obj.data
for face in mesh.faces:
sortface(face)
mesh.update()
Remove Verts Without removing entire faces
editScript that uses the mesh template above. removes verts but surrounding quads will be converted to tri's.
Note This only works with NMesh.
#================#
# EDIT MESH HERE #
#================#
for f in me.faces:
face_verts = f.v[:] # make a copy of the list.
for v in face_verts:
if v.sel:
f.v.remove(v)
# Remove all with less then 3 verts,
# When removing objects from a list its best to loop backwards
fIdx = len(me.faces)
while fIdx:
fIdx -=1
f = me.faces[fIdx]
if len(f.v) < 3:
del me.faces[fIdx]
# Remove all selected verts
# Loop backwards.
vIdx = len(me.verts)
while vIdx:
vIdx -=1
v = me.verts[vIdx]
if v.sel:
del me.verts[vIdx]
#================#
# FINISH EDITING #
#================#
GMesh AutoSmooth Mesh
editThis function uses GMesh to autosmooth manifold meshes, it requires the GMesh module.
Be careful because it will smooth your mesh in place, so make a copy of your original object if you don't want it modified.
from Blender import *
import GMesh
smooth = Draw.PupIntInput('smooth:', 20,1,89)
for ob in Object.GetSelected():
mesh = ob.getData()
gmesh = GMesh.NMesh2GMesh(mesh)
try:
gmesh.autoSmooth(smooth)
except:
print 'Error non manifold mesh'
continue # go onto the next item
mesh = GMesh.GMesh2NMesh(gmesh)
# Make the faces smooth
for f in mesh.faces:
f.smooth = 1
ob.link(mesh) # Link the new mesh with the original object
ScanFill
editTo simulate typing "Shift F" in blender to create scanfill selected edge loop (edit mode only)
This will only work if the 3D view is open.
import Blender
winid = Blender.Window.GetScreenInfo(Blender.Window.Types.VIEW3D)[0]['id']
Blender.Window.SetKeyQualifiers(Blender.Window.Qual.SHIFT)
Blender.Window.QAdd(winid, Blender.Draw.FKEY,1)
Blender.Window.QHandle(winid)
Blender.Window.SetKeyQualifiers(0)
Expanded Scanfill function
editSelf contained scanfill function, based on the code above. Note, this function needs a 3D view to be available
import Blender
# Take a list of points and return a scanfilled NMesh
def scanFillPoints(pointList):
Blender.Window.EditMode(0)
nme = Blender.NMesh.New()
# 2.37 compatability, not needed in 2.4
if not nme.edges:
nme.addEdgesData()
for p in pointList:
v = Blender.NMesh.Vert( p[0], p[1], p[2] )
nme.verts.append(v)
v.sel = 1
if len(nme.verts) >= 2:
nme.addEdge(nme.verts[-2], nme.verts[-1])
nme.addEdge(nme.verts[0], nme.verts[-1])
scn = Blender.Scene.GetCurrent()
actOb = scn.getActiveObject()
if actOb:
actSel = actOb.sel
else:
actSel = 0
ob = Blender.Object.New('Mesh')
ob.link(nme)
scn.link(ob)
scn.layers = range(1,20)
ob.sel = 1
Blender.Window.EditMode(1)
winid = Blender.Window.GetScreenInfo(Blender.Window.Types.VIEW3D)[0]['id']
Blender.Window.SetKeyQualifiers(Blender.Window.Qual.SHIFT)
Blender.Window.QAdd(winid, Blender.Draw.FKEY,1)
Blender.Window.QHandle(winid)
Blender.Window.SetKeyQualifiers(0)
Blender.Window.EditMode(0)
# scn.unlink(ob)
# Select the old active object.
if actOb:
actOb.sel = actSel
# Reture the scanfilled faces.
return ob.getData()
Example function usage.
scanFillPoints([[-1,-1,0], [1,-1,1], [1,1,0], [0,0,0.2], [0,1,-.1], [0.1,1,-0.3] ])
Copy NMesh Face
editReturns a new face that has the same properties as the original face but with no verts
def faceCopy(face):
newFace = NMesh.Face()
# Copy some generic properties
newFace.mode = face.mode
if face.image != None:
newFace.image = face.image
newFace.flag = face.flag
newFace.mat = face.mat
newFace.smooth = face.smooth
return newFace
Returns the Faces centre as a Vector
editNote, Blenders Mesh API now has face.cent access
Take 1 NMFace and return a vector as its centre, will use an existing vector object "cent" if provided.
def faceCent(f, cent=None):
x = y = z = 0
for v in f.v:
x+=v.co[0]
y+=v.co[1]
z+=v.co[2]
if not cent:
return Mathutils.Vector([x/len(f.v), y/len(f.v), z/len(f.v)])
# Modify the provided vec
cent.x = x/len(f.v)
cent.y = y/len(f.v)
cent.z = z/len(f.v)
Flip Faces Up
editI used this script to flip all faces in many terrain meshes to point up. It uses Mesh as opposed to NMesh.
from Blender import *
#==================#
# Apply Tpransform #
#==================# Used for skin
def apply_transform(vec, matrix):
x, y, z = vec
xloc, yloc, zloc = matrix[3][0], matrix[3][1], matrix[3][2]
vec.x = x*matrix[0][0] + y*matrix[1][0] + z*matrix[2][0] + xloc
vec.y = x*matrix[0][1] + y*matrix[1][1] + z*matrix[2][1] + yloc
vec.z = x*matrix[0][2] + y*matrix[1][2] + z*matrix[2][2] + zloc
def apply_transform3x3(vec, matrix):
x, y, z = vec
vec.x = x*matrix[0][0] + y*matrix[1][0] + z*matrix[2][0]
vec.y = x*matrix[0][1] + y*matrix[1][1] + z*matrix[2][1]
vec.z = x*matrix[0][2] + y*matrix[1][2] + z*matrix[2][2]
# Point to z up.
noVec = Mathutils.Vector(0,0,-10000)
cent = Mathutils.Vector(0,0,0)
for ob in Object.GetSelected():
if ob.getType() != 'Mesh':
continue
mat = ob.matrixWorld
me = ob.getData(mesh=1)
# We know were mesh
# Select none
for f in me.faces: f.sel = 0
# Flip based on facing.
for f in me.faces:
no = f.no
apply_transform3x3(no, mat)
# Get the faces centre
cent.x, cent.y, cent.z = 0,0,0
for v in f.v:
cent += v.co
cent = cent * (1.0 / len(f.v))
apply_transform(cent, mat)
# Move the vec over the centre of the face.
noVec.x = cent.x
noVec.y = cent.y
# Are we not facing up?, if not then select and flip later.
if ((cent+no)-noVec).length <= (cent-noVec).length:
f.sel = 1
me.flipNormals()
Scale UVs
editScales all uv coords for selected mesh objects.
from Blender import *
def main():
# Scale the UV down.
# This examples scales down by 1 pixel on a 512x512 image.
shrink = 1-(1/512.0)
for ob in Object.GetSelected():
if ob.getType() == 'Mesh':
me = ob.getData(mesh=1)
if me.faceUV:
for f in me.faces:
f.uv =\
tuple([ Mathutils.Vector(\
((uv[0]-0.5)*shrink)+0.5,\
((uv[1]-0.5)*shrink)+0.5,\
) for uv in f.uv])
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Find a material in all Meshes in all Scenes
editSometimes You have a lot of mesh object and materials you don't want any of them to use. This script can help you find those objects.
#!BPY
"""
Name: 'Find Mesh with Material'
Blender: 234
Group: 'Object'
Tooltip: 'Find Mesh with Material'
"""
from Blender import *
def main():
matToFind = Draw.PupStrInput('matName:', '', 21)
if matToFind == None:
return
Window.WaitCursor(1)
for scn in Scene.Get():
for ob in scn.getChildren():
if ob.getType() == 'Mesh':
for mat in ob.getData(mesh=1).materials:
matname = None
try:
matname = mat.name
except:
# Material must be None
continue
if matname == matToFind:
# Unselect all in the scene
for ob_ in scn.getChildren():
ob_.sel = 0
# Select the found object
ob.sel = 1
scn.makeCurrent()
Draw.PupMenu('Material "%s" found in object "%s".' % (matToFind, ob.name))
Window.WaitCursor(0)
return
Window.WaitCursor(0)
Draw.PupMenu('Material "%s" Not found.' % matToFind)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Faces share an edge
editThe 2 faces share an edge, its best to make sure your not comparing the same faces, and remove the first 'if'.
# Do the 2 faces share an edge?
# return true or false.
def faceShareEdge(face1, face2):
# Are we using the same verts. could be more comprehensive, since vert order may differ but still be the same.
if face1.v == face2.v:
return False
firstMatch = None
for v1 in face1:
if v1 in face2:
if firstMatch is None:
firstMatch = True
else:
return True
return False
Get Edge Angles
editReturns a list of angles, the combine angle difference of all faces that use the edges. the angles returned are in sync with mesh.edges. Edges with 0 or 1 faces will have Zero angle.
This function uses Blender.Mesh not Blender.NMesh mesh data.
def getEdgeAngles(me):
Ang= Blender.Mathutils.AngleBetweenVecs
Vector= Blender.Mathutils.Vector
edges = dict( [ (ed.key, (i, [])) for i, ed in enumerate(me.edges) ] )
for f in me.faces:
#print f.index
for key in f.edge_keys:
edges[key][1].append(f.no)
edgeAngles=[0.0] * len(me.edges)
for eIdx, angles in edges.itervalues():
angles_len= len(angles)
if angles_len < 2:
pass
if angles_len==2:
edgeAngles[eIdx] = Ang(angles[0], angles[1])
else:
totAngDiff=0
for j in reversed(xrange(angles_len)):
for k in reversed(xrange(j)):
totAngDiff+= (Ang(angles[j], angles[k])/180) # /180 isnt needed, just to keeop the vert small.
edgeAngles[eIdx] = totAngDiff
return edgeAngles
Mesh Ray Intersect
editIntersect a ray with a mesh, Assume the mesh has no loc/size/rot.
import Blender
from Blender import Window, Mathutils, Object
Vector= Mathutils.Vector
Intersect= Mathutils.Intersect
Matrix= Mathutils.Matrix
def meshRayIntersect(me, Origin, Direction):
def faceIntersect(f):
isect = Intersect(f.v[0].co, f.v[1].co, f.v[2].co, Direction, Origin, 1) # Clipped.
if isect:
return isect
elif len(f.v) == 4:
isect = Intersect(f.v[0].co, f.v[2].co, f.v[3].co, Direction, Origin, 1) # Clipped.
return isect
''' Ray is a tuple of vectors (Origin, Direction) '''
isect= best_isect= None
dist_from_orig= 1<<30
for f in me.faces:
isect= faceIntersect(f)
if isect:
l= (isect-Origin).length
if l < dist_from_orig:
dist_from_orig= l
best_isect= isect
return best_isect, dist_from_orig
Copy Vertex UV to Face UV
editCopies the Vertex UV coordinates (Sticky) to face UV coordinates (TexFace).
#!BPY
#sticky2uv.py
""" Registration info for Blender menus:
Name: 'Vertex UV to face UV'
Blender: 241
Group: 'Mesh'
Tooltip: 'Copy vertex UV to face UV'
"""
__author__ = "Brandano"
__url__ = ("blender", "elysiun")
__version__ = "1.0"
__bpydoc__ = """\
Copies the Vertex UV coordinates (Sticky) to face UV coordinates (TexFace).
Warning: the original face UV's will be overwritten.
"""
import Blender
from Blender import Mesh
if (Blender.Object.GetSelected() != None):
for me in [ob.getData(mesh=1) for ob in Blender.Object.GetSelected() if ob.getType() == "Mesh"]:
if me.vertexUV:
me.faceUV = 1
for f in me.faces: f.uv = [v.uvco for v in f.verts]
me.update()
Math Functions
editHere is the place to add math examples, they can be blender specific or generic python math functions.
Changing Rotation Axis Order
editIf you ever have trouble converting between different rotation systems its possible that the order of rotations is the problem.
import Blender
RotationMatrix= Blender.Mathutils.RotationMatrix
MATRIX_IDENTITY_3x3 = Blender.Mathutils.Matrix([1.0,0.0,0.0],[0.0,1.0,0.0],[0.0,0.0,1.0])
def eulerRotateOrder(x,y,z):
x,y,z = x%360,y%360,z%360 # Clamp all values between 0 and 360, values outside this raise an error.
xmat = RotationMatrix(x,3,'x')
ymat = RotationMatrix(y,3,'y')
zmat = RotationMatrix(z,3,'z')
# Standard BVH multiplication order, apply the rotation in the order Z,X,Y
# Change the order here
return (ymat*(xmat * (zmat * MATRIX_IDENTITY_3x3))).toEuler()
Get Angle between 3 points
editGet the angle between line AB and BC where b is the elbow.
import Blender
AngleBetweenVecs = Blender.Mathutils.AngleBetweenVecs
def getAng3pt3d(avec, bvec, cvec):
try:
ang = AngleBetweenVecs(avec - bvec, cvec - bvec)
if ang != ang:
raise "ERROR angle between Vecs"
else:
return ang
except:
print '\tAngleBetweenVecs failed, zero length?'
return 0
Point inside a tri (2D)
editReturns True if pt is inside the triangle.
only gives a correct answer when pt lies on the triangles plane.
from Blender import Mathutils
SMALL_NUM = 0.000001
def pointInTri2D(pt, tri1, tri2, tri3):
a = Mathutils.TriangleArea(tri1, tri2, tri3)
othera = Mathutils.TriangleArea(pt, tri1, tri2) + SMALL_NUM
if othera > a: return False
othera += Mathutils.TriangleArea(pt, tri2, tri3)
if othera > a: return False
othera += Mathutils.TriangleArea(pt, tri3, tri1)
if othera > a: return False
return True
Apply Matrix
editApplys a 4x4 transformation as returned by object.getMatrix(), to a vector (3d point in space)
This is useful for finding out the position of a vertex in worldspace.
Blender 2.43 supports this simply by doing "newvwec = vec*matrix" but its good to know how to do it manually
#==================#
# Apply Tpransform #
#==================#
def apply_transform(vec, matrix):
x, y, z = vec
xloc, yloc, zloc = matrix[3][0], matrix[3][1], matrix[3][2]
return x*matrix[0][0] + y*matrix[1][0] + z*matrix[2][0] + xloc,\
x*matrix[0][1] + y*matrix[1][1] + z*matrix[2][1] + yloc,\
x*matrix[0][2] + y*matrix[1][2] + z*matrix[2][2] + zloc
def apply_transform3x3(vec, matrix):
x, y, z = vec
return x*matrix[0][0] + y*matrix[1][0] + z*matrix[2][0],\
x*matrix[0][1] + y*matrix[1][1] + z*matrix[2][1],\
x*matrix[0][2] + y*matrix[1][2] + z*matrix[2][2]
2D Line Intersection
editIntersect 2 lines, if so where.
If there is no intersection the retured X value will be None and the y will be an error code.
The first line is (x1,y1, x2,y2), the second (_x1,_y1, _x2,_y2)
SMALL_NUM = 0.000001
def lineIntersection2D(x1,y1, x2,y2, _x1,_y1, _x2,_y2):
# Bounding box intersection first.
if min(x1, x2) > max(_x1, _x2) or \
max(x1, x2) < min(_x1, _x2) or \
min(y1, y2) > max(_y1, _y2) or \
max(y1, y2) < min(_y1, _y2):
return None, 100 # Basic Bounds intersection TEST returns false.
# are either of the segments points? Check Seg1
if abs(x1 - x2) + abs(y1 - y2) <= SMALL_NUM:
return None, 101
# are either of the segments points? Check Seg2
if abs(_x1 - _x2) + abs(_y1 - _y2) <= SMALL_NUM:
return None, 102
# Make sure the HOZ/Vert Line Comes first.
if abs(_x1 - _x2) < SMALL_NUM or abs(_y1 - _y2) < SMALL_NUM:
x1, x2, y1, y2, _x1, _x2, _y1, _y2 = _x1, _x2, _y1, _y2, x1, x2, y1, y2
if abs(x2-x1) < SMALL_NUM: # VERTICLE LINE
if abs(_x2-_x1) < SMALL_NUM: # VERTICLE LINE SEG2
return None, 111 # 2 verticle lines dont intersect.
elif abs(_y2-_y1) < SMALL_NUM:
return x1, _y1 # X of vert, Y of hoz. no calculation.
yi = ((_y1 / abs(_x1 - _x2)) * abs(_x2 - x1)) + ((_y2 / abs(_x1 - _x2)) * abs(_x1 - x1))
if yi > max(y1, y2): # New point above seg1's vert line
return None, 112
elif yi < min(y1, y2): # New point below seg1's vert line
return None, 113
return x1, yi # Intersecting.
if abs(y2-y1) < SMALL_NUM: # HOZ LINE
if abs(_y2-_y1) < SMALL_NUM: # HOZ LINE SEG2
return None, 121 # 2 hoz lines dont intersect.
# Can skip vert line check for seg 2 since its covered above.
xi = ((_x1 / abs(_y1 - _y2)) * abs(_y2 - y1)) + ((_x2 / abs(_y1 - _y2)) * abs(_y1 - y1))
if xi > max(x1, x2): # New point right of seg1's hoz line
return None, 112
elif xi < min(x1, x2): # New point left of seg1's hoz line
return None, 113
return xi, y1 # Intersecting.
# Accounted for hoz/vert lines. Go on with both anglular.
b1 = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)
b2 = (_y2-_y1)/(_x2-_x1)
a1 = y1-b1*x1
a2 = _y1-b2*_x1
if b1 - b2 == 0.0:
return None, None
xi = - (a1-a2)/(b1-b2)
yi = a1+b1*xi
if (x1-xi)*(xi-x2) >= 0 and (_x1-xi)*(xi-_x2) >= 0 and (y1-yi)*(yi-y2) >= 0 and (_y1-yi)*(yi-_y2)>=0:
return xi, yi
else:
return None, None
Round to power of 2
editThis function takes any number and rounds it to the nearest power of 2 value (2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024,2048, 4096...) This is useful for rounding textures to sized that load into graphics card memory.
It returns 3 values. rounded down, round closest, rounded up.
def roundPow2(roundVal):
base2val = 1
while roundVal >= base2val:
base2val*=2
# dont round up if there the same, just give the same vars
if roundVal == base2val/2:
return base2val/2, base2val/2, base2val/2 # Round down and round up.
smallRound = base2val/2
largeRound = base2val
# closest to the base 2 value
diffLower = abs(roundVal - smallRound)
diffHigher = abs(roundVal - largeRound)
if diffLower < diffHigher:
mediumRound = smallRound
else:
mediumRound = largeRound
smallRound = base2val/2
largeRound = base2val
return smallRound, mediumRound, largeRound # round down, round mid and round up.
Closest Point (snapping)
editReturns the vector that is closest to point. Good for snapping.
def getSnapVec(point, snap_points):
'''
Returns the closest vec to snap_points
'''
close_dist= 1<<30
close_vec= None
x= point[0]
y= point[1]
z= point[2]
for v in snap_points:
# quick length cmp before a full length comparison.
if abs(x-v[0]) < close_dist and\
abs(y-v[1]) < close_dist and\
abs(z-v[2]) < close_dist:
l= (v-point).length
if l<close_dist:
close_dist= l
close_vec= v
return close_vec
Blender Object Scripts
editLinked Duplicate Object
editThere is no function in B:Python to make a linked duplicate of an object (Alt+D) so here is a function that does it for you.
Note Since this was written Blender.Object.Duplicate() has been added as well as object.copy()
from Blender import *
# Like pressing Alt+D
def linkedCopy(ob, scn=None): # Just like Alt+D
if not scn:
scn = Scene.GetCurrent()
type = ob.getType()
newOb = Object.New(type)
if type != 'Empty':
newOb.shareFrom(ob)
scn.link(newOb)
newOb.setMatrix(ob.getMatrix())
# Copy other attributes.
newOb.setDrawMode(ob.getDrawMode())
newOb.setDrawType(ob.getDrawType())
newOb.Layer = ob.Layer
# Update the view
ob.select(0)
newOb.select(1)
return newOb
# You can call the function like this
try:
ob2duplicate = Object.GetSelected()[0]
linkedCopy(ob2duplicate)
Redraw()
except:
print "Nothing Selected"
Select Double Objects
editFinds double object- objects that have the same dataname, type and loc/size/rot
#!BPY
"""
Name: 'Select only double objects.'
Blender: 232
Group: 'Object'
Tooltip: 'Select double objects from the existing selection.'
"""
from Blender import *
def main():
# Collect the extra object data once only, so we dont need to request it again.
obinfo = [{'object':ob, 'dataname':ob.getData(1), 'type':ob.getType(), 'matrix':tuple(ob.matrixWorld)} for ob in Object.GetSelected() ]
print '\n\n\nStarting to select doubles for %i objects.' % len(obinfo)
doubleObs = [] # store doubles in this list
doubles = 0
# Comparison loop, compare items in the list only once.
obIdx1 = len(obinfo)
while obIdx1:
obIdx1 -=1
ob1 = obinfo[obIdx1]
# Deselect as we go, any doubles will be selected again. ob1['object'].sel = 0
ob1['object'].sel = 0
obIdx2 = obIdx1
while obIdx2:
obIdx2 -=1
ob2 = obinfo[obIdx2]
# Comparison loop done.
# Now we have both objects we can compare ob2 against ob1.
if \
ob1['dataname'] == ob2['dataname'] and\
ob1['type'] == ob2['type'] and\
ob1['matrix'] == ob2['matrix']:
# We have a double, print output and add to the double list.
doubles +=1
print '\t%i doubles found: "%s", "%s"' % (doubles, ob1['object'].name, ob2['object'].name)
doubleObs.append(ob2)
for ob in doubleObs:
ob['object'].sel = 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
t = sys.time()
main()
print 'Done in %.4f seconds.' % (sys.time()-t)
NLA strips Examples
editExample code for manipulating NLA strips and action strips
# Nov 16 2006
#
# Mike Stramba
# mstramba@sympatico.ca
# BlenderArtists Mike_S
#
import Blender
from Blender import *
from Blender.Armature import NLA
ctr = 1
numStrips = 1
vflags ={32:'LOCK_ACTION',1:'SELECT',2:'STRIDE_PATH',8:'HOLD',16:'ACTIVE'}
def tranflag(flag):
if flag:
print
for v in vflags:
t = flag & v
if t:
print '\t\t',v,vflags[t]
def showStrip(strip):
print ctr,'/',numStrips
print strip.action.name
print '\tstripStart',strip.stripStart
print '\tstripEnd',strip.stripEnd
print '\tactionStart',strip.actionStart
print '\tactionEnd',strip.actionEnd
print '\tblendin',strip.blendIn
print '\tblendout',strip.blendOut
print '\tflag',strip.flag,
tranflag(strip.flag)
print '\tmode',strip.mode
print '\tbrepeat',strip.repeat
print '\tstrideAxis',strip.strideAxis
print '\tstrideBone',strip.strideBone
print '\tstrideLength',strip.strideLength
armOb=Object.Get('Armature')
actions=Armature.NLA.GetActions()
#
# Actions named 'rot', 'move', 'Run' assumed to exist, or substitute
# your own action names
#
rotAct = actions['rot']
movAct = actions['move']
runAct = actions['Run']
#
# get all NLA strips for this object
#
Char1NLAstrips = armOb.actionStrips
#
# set the current frame to where you want NLA strips to initially appear
# in the NLA editor
frame = 1
Blender.Set('curframe',frame)
#
# remove all NLA strips
#
Char1NLAstrips[:] = []
#
# some different ways of adding action strips to the NLA editor
#
Blender.Object.Get('Armature').actionStrips.append(Blender.Armature.NLA.GetActions()['tester'])
Char1NLAstrips.append(Blender.Armature.NLA.GetActions()['UpDown'])
armOb.actionStrips.append(rotAct)
Char1NLAstrips.append(movAct)
Char1NLAstrips.append(actions['Run'])
#
# get a strip
#
strip0 = Char1NLAstrips[0]
print '\nstrip0.action.name ="'+strip0.action.name+'"'
#
# show it's properties
#
showStrip(strip0)
#
# change it's stripStart, stripEND (add 50 frames)
# (effectively moving the strip
strip0.stripEnd += 50
strip0.stripStart += 50
#
# show the changes
#
showStrip(strip0)
#
# select the strip in the NLA editor
#
strip0.flag += NLA.Flags['SELECT']
Blender.Window.RedrawAll()
showStrip(strip0)
#
# move all strips by FrameOffset
#
def moveallStrips(FrameOffset):
for strip in Char1NLAstrips:
strip.stripEnd += FrameOffset
strip.stripStart += FrameOffset
moveallStrips(30)
#
# show all strips Properties
#
print
print '============ ALL STRIPS ================'
numStrips = len(Char1NLAstrips)
print numStrips,' NLA strips for ',armOb
for strip in Char1NLAstrips:
showStrip(strip)
Blender Windowing and User Interface Scripts
editMouse Location 3D Space
editimport Blender
from Blender import Mathutils, Window, Scene, Draw, Mesh
from Blender.Mathutils import Matrix, Vector, Intersect
# DESCRIPTION:
# screen_x, screen_y the origin point of the pick ray
# it is either the mouse location
# localMatrix is used if you want to have the returned values in an objects localspace.
# this is usefull when dealing with an objects data such as verts.
# or if useMid is true, the midpoint of the current 3dview
# returns
# Origin - the origin point of the pick ray
# Direction - the direction vector of the pick ray
# in global coordinates
epsilon = 1e-3 # just a small value to account for floating point errors
def getPickRay(screen_x, screen_y, localMatrix=None, useMid = False):
# Constant function variables
p = getPickRay.p
d = getPickRay.d
for win3d in Window.GetScreenInfo(Window.Types.VIEW3D): # we search all 3dwins for the one containing the point (screen_x, screen_y) (could be the mousecoords for example)
win_min_x, win_min_y, win_max_x, win_max_y = win3d['vertices']
# calculate a few geometric extents for this window
win_mid_x = (win_max_x + win_min_x + 1.0) * 0.5
win_mid_y = (win_max_y + win_min_y + 1.0) * 0.5
win_size_x = (win_max_x - win_min_x + 1.0) * 0.5
win_size_y = (win_max_y - win_min_y + 1.0) * 0.5
#useMid is for projecting the coordinates when we subdivide the screen into bins
if useMid: # == True
screen_x = win_mid_x
screen_y = win_mid_y
# if the given screencoords (screen_x, screen_y) are within the 3dwin we fount the right one...
if (win_max_x > screen_x > win_min_x) and ( win_max_y > screen_y > win_min_y):
# first we handle all pending events for this window (otherwise the matrices might come out wrong)
Window.QHandle(win3d['id'])
# now we get a few matrices for our window...
# sorry - i cannot explain here what they all do
# - if you're not familiar with all those matrices take a look at an introduction to OpenGL...
pm = Window.GetPerspMatrix() # the prespective matrix
pmi = Matrix(pm); pmi.invert() # the inverted perspective matrix
if (1.0 - epsilon < pmi[3][3] < 1.0 + epsilon):
# pmi[3][3] is 1.0 if the 3dwin is in ortho-projection mode (toggled with numpad 5)
hms = getPickRay.hms
ortho_d = getPickRay.ortho_d
# ortho mode: is a bit strange - actually there's no definite location of the camera ...
# but the camera could be displaced anywhere along the viewing direction.
ortho_d.x, ortho_d.y, ortho_d.z = Window.GetViewVector()
ortho_d.w = 0
# all rays are parallel in ortho mode - so the direction vector is simply the viewing direction
#hms.x, hms.y, hms.z, hms.w = (screen_x-win_mid_x) /win_size_x, (screen_y-win_mid_y) / win_size_y, 0.0, 1.0
hms[:] = (screen_x-win_mid_x) /win_size_x, (screen_y-win_mid_y) / win_size_y, 0.0, 1.0
# these are the homogenious screencoords of the point (screen_x, screen_y) ranging from -1 to +1
p=(hms*pmi) + (1000*ortho_d)
p.resize3D()
d[:] = ortho_d[:3]
# Finally we shift the position infinitely far away in
# the viewing direction to make sure the camera if outside the scene
# (this is actually a hack because this function
# is used in sculpt_mesh to initialize backface culling...)
else:
# PERSPECTIVE MODE: here everything is well defined - all rays converge at the camera's location
vmi = Matrix(Window.GetViewMatrix()); vmi.invert() # the inverse viewing matrix
fp = getPickRay.fp
dx = pm[3][3] * (((screen_x-win_min_x)/win_size_x)-1.0) - pm[3][0]
dy = pm[3][3] * (((screen_y-win_min_y)/win_size_y)-1.0) - pm[3][1]
fp[:] = \
pmi[0][0]*dx+pmi[1][0]*dy,\
pmi[0][1]*dx+pmi[1][1]*dy,\
pmi[0][2]*dx+pmi[1][2]*dy
# fp is a global 3dpoint obtained from "unprojecting" the screenspace-point (screen_x, screen_y)
#- figuring out how to calculate this took me quite some time.
# The calculation of dxy and fp are simplified versions of my original code
#- so it's almost impossible to explain what's going on geometrically... sorry
p[:] = vmi[3][:3]
# the camera's location in global 3dcoords can be read directly from the inverted viewmatrix
d[:] = p.x-fp.x, p.y-fp.y, p.z-fp.z
# the direction vector is simply the difference vector from the virtual camera's position
#to the unprojected (screenspace) point fp
# Do we want to return a direction in object's localspace?
if localMatrix:
localInvMatrix = Matrix(localMatrix)
localInvMatrix.invert()
p = p*localInvMatrix
d = d*localInvMatrix # normalize_v3
p.x += localInvMatrix[3][0]
p.y += localInvMatrix[3][1]
p.z += localInvMatrix[3][2]
#else: # Worldspace, do nothing
d.normalize()
return True, p, d # Origin, Direction
# Mouse is not in any view, return None.
return False, None, None
# Constant function variables
getPickRay.d = Vector(0,0,0) # Perspective, 3d
getPickRay.p = Vector(0,0,0)
getPickRay.fp = Vector(0,0,0)
getPickRay.hms = Vector(0,0,0,0) # ortho only 4d
getPickRay.ortho_d = Vector(0,0,0,0) # ortho only 4d
# TEST FUNCTION
# MOVES & VERTS ON THE ACTIVE MESH.
def main():
ob = Scene.GetCurrent().getActiveObject()
me = ob.getData(mesh=1)
# Loop until the mouse is in the view.
mouseInView = False
while not mouseInView:
screen_x, screen_y = Window.GetMouseCoords()
mouseInView, Origin, Direction = getPickRay(screen_x, screen_y)
if Window.GetMouseButtons() == 1 and mouseInView:
i = 0
time = Blender.sys.time()
while Window.GetMouseButtons() == 1:
i+=1
screen_x, screen_y = Window.GetMouseCoords()
mouseInView, Origin, Direction = getPickRay(screen_x, screen_y, ob.matrix)
if mouseInView:
me.verts[0].co.x = Origin.x
me.verts[0].co.y = Origin.y
me.verts[0].co.z = Origin.z
me.verts[1].co.x = Origin.x - (Direction.x*1000)
me.verts[1].co.y = Origin.y - (Direction.y*1000)
me.verts[1].co.z = Origin.z - (Direction.z*1000)
Window.Redraw(Window.Types.VIEW3D)
print '100 draws in %.6f' % (((Blender.sys.time()-time) / float(i))*100)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Auto Buttons
editAuto Buttons is a really easy way to add a stack of buttons into any script.
Add the AutoButtons text to the bottom of any script and any function ending with _bgui will have a button that calls it.
# All functions to be displayed as buttons must use this suffix
GUI_SUFFIX= '_bgui'
BUTTON_LIST = [] # A list if dicts
EVENT = 1000
EVENTNUM = 1000
for func in dir():
if func.endswith(GUI_SUFFIX):
newButton = {}
newButton['name'] = func[:-5].replace('_', ' ')[2:]
newButton['func'] = func + '()'
newButton['event'] = EVENT
BUTTON_LIST.append( newButton )
EVENT+=1
def draw_gui():
# find the width of the widest button
button_height = 16; button_width = 100; ROW = 0
for button in BUTTON_LIST:
Draw.PushButton(button['name'], button['event'], 0, button_height*ROW, button_width, button_height, ''); ROW+=1
def handle_event(evt, val):
if evt in (Draw.ESCKEY, Draw.QKEY) and not val:
Draw.Exit()
def handle_button_event(evt):
if evt >= EVENTNUM and evt < EVENTNUM + len(BUTTON_LIST):
exec(BUTTON_LIST[evt - EVENTNUM]['func'])
else:
print 'invalid', evt
Draw.Register(draw_gui, handle_event, handle_button_event)
An example of a function that could use this
def Print_Object_Selection_bgui():
Blender.Draw.PupMenu('|'.join(ob.name for ob in Blender.Object.GetSelected()))
Popup Menu Wrapper
editThis script takes a string that you would normally give to Draw.PupMenu() splitting up the menus by the groupsize.
def PupMenuLess(menu, groupSize=30):
'''
Works like Draw.PupMenu but will add a more/less buttons if the number of
items is greater then the groupSize.
'''
more = [' more...']
less = [' less...']
menuList= menu.split('|')
# No Less Needed, just call.
if len(menuList) < groupSize:
return Draw.PupMenu(menu)
title = menuList[0].split('%t')[0]
# Split the list into groups
menuGroups = [[]]
for li in menuList[1:]:
if len(menuGroups[-1]) < groupSize:
menuGroups[-1].append(li)
else:
menuGroups.append([li])
# Stores the current menu group we are looking at
groupIdx = 0
while True:
# Give us a title with the menu number
numTitle = [ ' '.join([title, str(groupIdx + 1), 'of', str(len(menuGroups)), '%t'])]
if groupIdx == 0:
menuString = '|'.join(numTitle + menuGroups[groupIdx] + more)
elif groupIdx == len(menuGroups)-1:
menuString = '|'.join(numTitle + less + menuGroups[groupIdx])
else: # In the middle somewhere so Show a more and less
menuString = '|'.join(numTitle + less + menuGroups[groupIdx] + more)
result = Draw.PupMenu(menuString)
# User Exit
if result == -1:
return -1
if groupIdx == 0: # First menu
if result-1 < groupSize:
return result
else: # must be more
groupIdx +=1
elif groupIdx == len(menuGroups): # Last Menu
if result == 1: # Must be less
groupIdx -= 1
else: # Must be a choice
return result + (groupIdx*groupSize)
else:
if result == 1: # Must be less
groupIdx -= 1
elif result-2 == groupSize:
groupIdx +=1
else:
return result - 1 + (groupIdx*groupSize)
General Python
editHere add general python code, useful when Python scripting.
Benchmark Script
editScript that times different functions.
def loopFor():
'''For loop test'''
for i in xrange(1000000):
a=i
def loopWhile():
'''While loop test'''
i=0
while i<1000000:
a=i
i+=1
def time_func(bench_func, iter=4):
''' Run the function 10 times '''
print '',bench_func.__doc__
t= Blender.sys.time()
for i in xrange(iter):
bench_func()
tme= (Blender.sys.time()-t) / 10
print '\tBenchmark %.4f average sec' % tme
return tme
def main():
print '\nRunning tests'
time_func(loopFor)
time_func(loopWhile)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Iterate Multiple Lists
editSometimes you want to loop over more than 1 list at once. if the lists your dealing with are large then creating a new list for the purpose can be slow and use too much memory. This class takes multiple lists and treats them like 1 big list. without having to make a new list.
type_list= type([])
type_tuple= type(())
class listIter:
def __init__(self, lists):
if type(lists) != type_list:
self.lists= list(lists)
else:
self.lists= lists
self.idx= self.lidx= 0
def next(self):
if self.lidx==len(self.lists):
raise StopIteration
idx=self.idx
lidx=self.lidx
self.idx+=1
if self.idx==len(self.lists[self.lidx]):
self.idx= 0
self.lidx+=1
return self.lists[lidx][idx]
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __getitem__(self, index):
i=0
for l in self.lists:
if i+len(l)>index:
return l[index-i]
i+=len(l)
raise IndexError
def __setitem__(self, index, value):
i=0
for l in self.lists:
if i+len(l)>index:
l[index-i]= value
return
i+=len(l)
raise IndexError
def __len__(self):
length=0
for l in self.lists:
length+=len(l)
return length
def index(self, value):
i=0
for l in self.lists:
for li in l:
if li == value:
return i
i+=1
raise ValueError
def remove(self, value):
for l in self.lists:
if value in li:
l.remove(i)
return
raise ValueError
def count(self, value):
return sum(l.count(value) for l in self.lists)
def extend(self, value):
for i in value: # See its an iterator
break
self.lists.append(value)
def pop(self, index):
i=0
for l in self.lists:
if i+len(l)>index:
return l.pop(index-i)
i+=len(l)
raise IndexError
def __str__(self):
return '['+ ''.join(str(l)[1:-1] for l in self.lists) +']'
def sort(self):
'''Cant to a full sort, just do a par'''
self.lists.sort()
for l in self.lists:
l.sort()
def append(self, value):
self.lists[-1].append(value)
def reverse(self):
for l in self.lists:
l.reverse()
self.lists.reverse()
Some examples
for i in listIter( (range(10), range(22), range(5)) ):
print i
Another example that takes verts from 3 meshes and adds them to 1 mesh using this iterator and list comprehension.
from Blender import Mesh
newme= Mesh.New()
# Using the iterator
newme.verts.extend( [v.co for v in listIter((me1.verts, me2.verts, me3.verts))] )
# Without the iterator
newme.verts.extend( [v.co for v in me1.verts ] )
newme.verts.extend( [v.co for v in me2.verts ] )
newme.verts.extend( [v.co for v in me3.verts ] )
Binary Conversion (Without Struct)
editThanks to SJH 07/29/2004 20:26:03
nybblechr_to_01_dqs={'-':'-','0':'0000', '1':'0001', '2':'0010', '3':'0011',
'4':'0100', '5':'0101', '6':'0110', '7':'0111',
'8':'1000', '9':'1001', 'A':'1010', 'B':'1011',
'C':'1100', 'D':'1101', 'E':'1110', 'F':'1111'}
# Int to binary
def i2b(j, wd=0):
return ''.join(nybblechr_to_01_dqs[x] for x in '%02X' % j))[-wd:].zfill(wd)
# Char to binary
def c2b(c, wd=0):
return i2b(ord(c))
# String to binary
def s2b(s, wd=0):
return ''.join(nybblechr_to_01_dqs[x] for x in ''.join('%02X' % ord(c) for c in s))[-wd:].zfill(wd)
# Binary to char
def b2c(b):
chr(int(b,2))
Randomize List
editReturns a randomized list. Note if you can import random, use random.shuffle(ls) instead.
def randList(ls):
lsCopy = ls[:]
randList = []
lenList = len(lsCopy)
while lenList != len(randList):
randIndex = int( Noise.random() * len(lsCopy) )
randList.append( lsCopy.pop( randIndex ) )
return randList
Remove Doubles in List
editRemoves doubles in a list, modifying the original list. (will use an objects cmp() function)
def RemDoubles(List):
lIdx = 0
while lIdx < len(List):
if List.count(List[lIdx]) > 1:
List.pop(lIdx)
continue
lIdx+=1
Remove Doubles in List (Hash)
editReturn a new list with no doubles.
def RemDoublesHash(myList):
return list(set(myList))
Get flag properties of a sum
editA lot of properties in Blender are flags and stored in a sum of exponentials of 2. To find out that a specific flag is set and it is included in the sum try this function:
def powList(self, x):
tmpx = x
exp = 0
expList = []
while tmpx != 0:
tmp = 2**exp
if tmp > tmpx:
elem = 2**(exp-1)
expList.append(elem)
tmpx -= elem
exp = 0
else:
exp += 1;
return expList
Call the function in that way:
lmp = Lamp.Get(thisObj.data.getName())
lmpMode = lmp.getMode()
lmpFlags = self.powList(lmpMode)
if 16 in lmpFlags:
...
Fraction Data Type
editAllows creation of fraction data and all operations on them within the real number system.
class fraction:
# Types without importing type - Does not retuire a python install.
type_float = type(0.1)
type_int = type(1)
def __init__(self, num, den=1):
if den == 0:
raise ValueError, 'Division by zero'
g = self.gcd(num, den)
self.num = num / g
self.den = den / g
def __str__(self):
return "%d/%d" % (self.num, self.den)
def __mul__(self, other):
if type(other) is fraction.type_int:
other = fraction(other)
elif type(other) is fraction.type_float:
return self.eval() * other
if not isinstance(other, fraction):
raise ValueError, 'Unsupported operand type for multiply operation ' + str(type(other))
return fraction(self.num * other.num, self.den * other.den)
__rmul__ = __mul__
def __add__(self, other):
if type(other) is fraction.type_int:
other = fraction(other)
elif type(other) is fraction.type_float:
return self.eval() + other
if not isinstance(other, fraction):
raise ValueError, 'Unsupported operand type for addition operation ' + str(type(other))
num = self.num * other.den + self.den * other.num
den = self.den * other.den
return fraction(num, den)
def __cmp__(self, other):
if type(other) is fraction.type_int or type(other) is fraction.type_float:
return self.eval() - other
if not isinstance(other, fraction):
raise ValueError, 'Comparative operation no supported for operand ' * type(other)
return (self.num * other.den - other.num * self.den)
def __neg__(self):
return fraction(self.num * -1, self.den)
def __invert__(self):
return fraction(self.den, self.num)
def __sub__(self, other):
return self + -other
def __rsub__(self, other):
return other + -self
def __div__(self, other):
return fraction(self.num, self.den) * fraction(other.den, other.num)
def __rdiv__(self, other):
return fraction(self.den, self.num) * fraction(other.num, other.den)
def __pow__(self, other):
if type(other) is fraction.type_int:
return fraction(self.num ** other, self.den ** other)
elif type(other) is fraction.type_float:
a = self.eval()
if a > 0:
return a ** other
else:
raise ValueError, 'Negative number raised to fractional power'
if not isinstance(other, fraction):
raise ValueError, 'Unsupported operand type for exponential operation ' + str(type(other))
return self.eval() ** other.eval()
def gcd(self, m, n):
if m % n:
return self.gcd(n, m % n)
return n
def eval(self):
return float(self.num) / self.den
##### Usage: #####
a = fraction(3, 4)
b = fraction(5, 6)
print a * b
print a - 3
print a ** b
#invalid - raising a negative number to a fractional power
print (-a)**b
Get a name with sane chars
editThis function can be used when you are making a filename from an object/mesh/scene... name. Blender supports many characters in a name that a filesystem may not.
saneFilechars replaces these characters with "_"
def saneFilechars(name):
for ch in ' /\\~!@#$%^&*()+=[];\':",./<>?\t\r\n':
name = name.replace(ch, '_')
return name
Colour Scripts
editA place for scripts that deal with colours.
RGB to HSV
editConvert Red/Green/Blue to Hue/Saturation/Value
r,g,b values are from 0.0 to 1.0
h = [0,360], s = [0,1], v = [0,1]
if s == 0, then h = -1 (undefined)
The Hue/Saturation/Value model was created by A. R. Smith in 1978. It is based on such intuitive color characteristics as tint, shade and tone (or family, purety and intensity). The coordinate system is cylindrical, and the colors are defined inside a hexcone. The hue value H runs from 0 to 360º. The saturation S is the degree of strength or purity and is from 0 to 1. Purity is how much white is added to the color, so S=1 makes the purest color (no white). Brightness V also ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 is the black.
def RGBtoHSV(R,G,B):
# min, max, delta;
min_rgb = min( R, G, B )
max_rgb = max( R, G, B )
V = max_rgb
delta = max_rgb - min_rgb
if not delta:
H = 0
S = 0
V = R # RGB are all the same.
return H,S,V
elif max_rgb: # != 0
S = delta / max_rgb
else:
R = G = B = 0 # s = 0, v is undefined
S = 0
H = 0 # -1
return H,S,V
if R == max_rgb:
H = ( G - B ) / delta # between yellow & magenta
elif G == max_rgb:
H = 2 + ( B - R ) / delta # between cyan & yellow
else:
H = 4 + ( R - G ) / delta # between magenta & cyan
H *= 60 # convert to deg
if H < 0:
H += 360
return H,S,V
HSV to RGB
editConvert Hue/Saturation/Value to Red/Green/Blue
def HSVtoRGB(H,S,V):
if not S: # S == 0
# achromatic (grey)
# R = G = B = V
return V,V,V # RGB == VVV
H /= 60; # sector 0 to 5
i = int( H ) # round down to int. in C its floor()
f = H - i # factorial part of H
p = V * ( 1 - S )
q = V * ( 1 - S * f )
t = V * ( 1 - S * ( 1 - f ) )
if i == 0:
R,G,B = V,t,p
elif i == 1:
R,G,B = q,V,p
elif i == 2:
R,G,B = p,V,t
elif i == 3:
R,G,B = p,q,V
elif i == 4:
R,G,B = t,p,V
else: # 5
R,G,B = V,p,q
return R,G,B
Interactive Tools
editFreehand Polyline Draw Tool
editfrom Blender import *
def main():
# New Curve and add to Scene.
scn = Scene.GetCurrent()
cu = Curve.New()
# cu.setResolu(1)
x=y=z=w=t = 1
cu.appendNurb([x,y,z,w,t])
cu[0].type = 0 # Poly line
ob = Object.New('Curve')
ob.link(cu)
scn.link(ob)
ob.sel = 1 # Make active and selected
# Initialize progress bar for writing
Window.DrawProgressBar(0.0, '')
ticker = 0.0 # Used to cycle the progress bar
# Pause before drawing
while not Window.GetMouseButtons() & Window.MButs['L']:
sys.sleep(10)
Window.DrawProgressBar(ticker, 'Left Mouse to Draw')
ticker += 0.01
if ticker > 0.98: ticker = 0
oldx=oldy = -100000
# Mouse Clicked, lets draw
while Window.GetMouseButtons() & Window.MButs['L']:
x,y = Window.GetMouseCoords()
print abs(x-oldx)+abs(y-oldy)
if (oldx == x and oldy == y) or abs(x-oldx)+abs(y-oldy) < 10: # Mouse must have moved 10 before adding the next point
pass
else:
z = 0 # 2D Drawing for now
w = 100 #Weight is 1
cu.appendPoint(0, [x*0.001,y*0.001,z,w]) # Can add tilt here.
cu.update()
Window.Redraw(Window.Types.VIEW3D)
Window.DrawProgressBar(ticker, 'Drawing...')
ticker += 0.01
if ticker > 0.98: ticker = 0
oldx,oldy = x,y # Store the old mouse location to compare with new.
# Clear the progress bar
Window.DrawProgressBar(1.0, '')
main()
Render Functions
editRender to a dir
edit# recursive dir creation.
def _mkdir(newdir):
import os, sys
"""works the way a good mkdir should :)
- already exists, silently complete
- regular file in the way, raise an exception
- parent directory(ies) does not exist, make them as well
"""
if os.path.isdir(newdir):
pass
elif sys.exists(newdir):
raise OSError("a file with the same name as the desired " \
"dir, '%s', already exists." % newdir)
else:
head, tail = os.path.split(newdir)
if head and not os.path.isdir(head):
_mkdir(head)
#print "_mkdir %s" % repr(newdir)
if tail:
os.mkdir(newdir)
from Blender import *
from Blender.Scene import Render
if sys.sep == '\\':
path="c:\\tmp\\renderfarm\\render"
else:
path="/tmp/renderfarm/render"
# Should probably create the paths if not existing.
_mkdir(path)
scene= Scene.GetCurrent()
context = scene.getRenderingContext()
context.setRenderPath(path)
context.setImageType(Scene.Render.PNG)
context.enableExtensions(1)
context.renderAnim()
Render from all cameras
editThis script renders an animation from all cameras in a scene, it makes a new name from the camera and leaves the scene as it was originally.
Be sure to use useful camera names.
from Blender import Object, Scene
sce= Scene.GetCurrent()
context = sce.getRenderingContext()
output_path_orig= context.getRenderPath()
cams= [ob for ob in sce.getChildren() if ob.getType()=='Camera']
# backup the active cam.
orig_cam= sce.getCurrentCamera()
# loop over all the cameras in this scene, set active and render.
for i, c in enumerate(cams):
print '\tRendering %i of %i cameras.' % (i, len(cams))
context.setRenderPath('%s_%s_' % (output_path_orig, c.name)) # use a unique name
sce.setCurrentCamera(c) # set this camera to be active.
context.renderAnim()
print 'Done per camera render'
if orig_cam:
sce.setCurrentCamera(orig_cam) # restore the original cam
# restore the original path.
context.setRenderPath(output_path_orig)
Scriptlinks
editMonitor Image
editThis Script needs to be used as a redraw scriptlink. It checks the date of the current image and attempts to reload the image, and if successful it redraws the image.
import Blender
try:
Blender.my_image_time
except:
Blender.my_image_time=0
import os
img= Blender.Image.GetCurrent() # currently displayed picture.
if img: # Image isnt None
path= Blender.sys.expandpath(img.filename)
if Blender.sys.exists(path):
t= os.path.getctime(path)
if t != Blender.my_image_time:
img.reload()
Blender.Window.Redraw(Blender.Window.Types.IMAGE)
Blender.my_image_time= t # global, persists between running the scripts.
Dynamic Text
editThis script needs to be used as a FrameChanged script linked to a Text object. Change the Years.append line to choice the years of the timeline.
import Blender as B
Years = []
# year = [year, initial frame, duration of frames]
Years.append([1800, 1, 10])
Years.append([1850, 100, 50])
Years.append([1994, 170, 100])
Years.append([2008, 300, 50])
Years.append([2050, 400, 50])
def when (frame, years):
iniY = 0
for y in range(len(years)):
if frame > years[y][1]:
iniY = y
iniYear = years[iniY][0]
iniFrame = years[iniY][1]
iniFrameDelay = years[iniY][2]
finYear = years[iniY+1][0]
finFrame = years[(iniY+1)][1]
frameRange = finFrame - (iniFrame + iniFrameDelay)
yearRange = finYear - iniYear
normFrame = float(frame - iniFrame - iniFrameDelay)
normFrame = normFrame/frameRange
if normFrame > 0:
newYear = str(int(iniYear + (yearRange * normFrame)))
else:
newYear = iniYear
return str(newYear)
if B.bylink:
actualFrame = B.Get("curframe")
year = B.link
dynYear = year.getData()
oldYear=dynYear.getText()
newYear=when (actualFrame,Years)
if newYear != oldYear:
dynYear.setText(newYear)
year.makeDisplayList()
B.Window.RedrawAll()
External Utils
editCompress All Blend files (Unix Only)
editSine blender 2.41, support for GZip compression has been integrated into blender. So you can gzip all blend files and they will still open as expected.
This utility searches your hard-disk for blend files and gzips them if they are not already compressed.
Note: python3 required.
#!/usr/bin/python3
root_dir = '/mango/pro'
import os
import os.path
def blend_path_list(path):
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(path):
for filename in filenames:
if filename.endswith(".blend"):
yield os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
def isblend_nogz(path):
try:
f = open(path, 'rb')
is_blend = (f.read(7) == b'BLENDER')
f.close()
return is_blend
except:
return False
def main():
print('Searching "%s"...' % root_dir)
files = list(blend_path_list(root_dir))
files.sort()
print('done.')
#print files
tot_files = len(files)
tot_compressed = tot_blends = tot_alredy_compressed = 0
tot_blend_size = 0
tot_blend_size_saved = 0
for f in files:
if len(f) >= 6: # .blend is 6 chars
f_lower = f.lower()
if (f_lower.endswith(".blend") or
f_lower[:-1].endswith(".blend") or
f_lower[:-2].endswith(".blend")): # .blend10 +
print(f, "...", end="")
tot_blends += 1
# allows for dirs with .blend, will just be false.
if isblend_nogz(f):
print("compressing ...", end="")
tot_compressed += 1
orig_size = os.path.getsize(f)
tot_blend_size += orig_size
os.system('gzip --best "%s"' % f)
os.system('mv "%s.gz" "%s"' % (f, f)) # rename the gz file to the original.
new_size = os.path.getsize(f)
tot_blend_size_saved += orig_size - new_size
print('saved %.2f%%' % (100 - (100 * (float(new_size) / orig_size))))
else:
print('alredy compressed.')
tot_alredy_compressed += 1
print('\nTotal files:', tot_files)
print('Total Blend:', tot_blends)
print('Total Blend Compressed:', tot_compressed)
print('Total Alredy Compressed:', tot_alredy_compressed)
print('\nTotal Size in Blends: %sMB' % (((tot_blend_size) / 1024) / 1024))
print('Total Saved in Blends: %sMB' % (((tot_blend_size_saved) / 1024) / 1024))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()