File Handling

Note for VB.NET users:

While the methods used here are still valid, they are generally not used. They have been included in this guide as they are more similar to the Pseudocode file management, hopefully making them easier to understand. Even though it is not practice to use them, they should still be acceptable in an exam.

Handling Text Files

Opening Text Files

Language

General Usage

Example Usage

Pseudocode

OPENFILE <File Identifier> FOR <File Mode>

OPENFILE Beans.txt FOR APPEND
OPENFILE Styles.css FOR READ
OPENFILE Names.tmp FOR WRITE

VB.NET

FileOpen(<File Number>], <File Identifier>, OpenMode.<File Mode>)

FileOpen(17, “Beans.txt”, OpenMode.Append)
FileOpen(FileNumber, “Styles.css”, OpenMode.Input)
FileOpen(NamesFile, “Names.tmp”, OpenMode.Output)

In VB.NET you can use the FreeFile() function to automatically obtain an unused file number, avoiding any problems that could occur if accidentally using the same number for two files.

Dim FileNumber As Integer = FreeFile()

It is good practice to always keep track of your file numbers, as it will help reduce bugs (aka forgetting or using the wrong file number), remove any Magic Numbers and make the code easier to read and understand.

File Mode Usage
File Mode Identifiers		Description
Pseudocode	VB.NET	Description
APPEND	OpenMode.Append	Used when Writing data to the file. If the file already exists, the new data will be added to the file after any existing data.
READ	OpenMode.Input	Used when Reading data from the file.
Write	OpenMode.Output	Used when Writing data to the file. If the file already exists, the file will be deleted and a new file will be created with the new data.

Reading From Text Files

Once a file is opened in 'Read' mode, you can use the following commands to read the data from the files.

Language General Usage Example Usage

Pseudocode

READFILE <File Identifier>, <Identifier>

/Datatypes declared as strings

READFILE Styles.css, NextLine
READFILE TransactionHistory.txt, Transaction
READFILE Address.db, CurrentAddress

WRITEFILE <File identifier>, <Variable>

VB.NET

<Identifier> = LineInput(<File Identifier>)

The File Identifer is the file number used identify the file when it was opened.

NextLine = LineInput(StylesFileNumber)
Transaction = LineInput(TransactionHistoryFileNumber)
CurrentAddress = LineInput(AddressFileNumber)

The Variable should be of data type STRING. This command reads the text file line by line.

The EOF() function can be used in Pseudocode and VB.NET to determine whether the file pointer is at the end of the file. It returns a Boolean Value, and can be useful when implementing loops.

EOF(<File Identifier>)


Pseudocode	VB.NET
EOF(file.txt)	EOF(FileNumber)

Writing To Text Files

Once a file is opened in 'Write' or 'Append' mode, you can use the following commands to write the data to the files.

Language General Usage Example Usage

Pseudocode

READFILE <File Identifier>, <Identifier>

WRITEFILE Beans.txt, BeanData
WRITEFILE Names.tmp, CurrentUser
WRITEFILE Recipes.db, NewRecipe

VB.NET

PrintLine(<File Identifier>, <Identifier>)

The File Identifer is the file number used identify the file when it was opened.

PrintLine("Beans.txt", BeanData)
PrintLine("Name.tmp", CurrentUser)
PrintLine("Recipes.db" NewRecipe)

The Variable should be of data type STRING.

Closing Text Files

Language	General Usage	Example Usage
Pseudocode	CLOSEFILE <File identifier>	CLOSEFILE Beans.txt CLOSEFILE Styles.css CLOSEFILE Names.tmp
VB.NET	FileClose(<File Identifier>) The `File Identifer` is the file number used identify the file when it was opened.	FileClose(17) FileClose(FileNumber) FileClose(NamesFile)

You should always remember to close your files. Failure to do so can result in major problems later on when any program tries to open the file, or the program tries to open or edit a different file with the same identifier.