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Academic disciplines

This is a list of academic disciplines. An academic| discipline, or field of study, is a branch of knowledge which is taught| or researched at the college or university level. Disciplines are defined and recognised by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned societies| and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners belong. Fields of study usually have several sub-disciplines or branches, and the distinguishing lines between these are often both arbitrary and ambiguous. Historically (in medieval Europe), there were only four faculties| in a university: Theology, Medicine, Jurisprudence and Arts, with the last one having a somewhat lower status than the other three. Today's disciplines have their roots in the mid- to late-19th century secularization of universities, when the traditional curriculum was supplemented by non-classical languages and literatures, physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. In the opening decades of the 20th century, education, sociology, and psychology took their place in the university curriculum. A "*" denotes a field whose academic status is debated. Note that the area into which some fields should be classified is debated, such as whether anthropology and linguistics are social sciences disciplines or humanities disciplines. Natural sciences Astronomy Astrobiology Astrophysics Gravitational astronomy| Black holes Interstellar medium Numerical simulations| in Astrophysical plasma Galaxy formation and evolution High-energy astrophysics Hydrodynamics Magnetohydrodynamics Star formation Physical cosmology Stellar astrophysics| Helioseismology Stellar evolution Stellar nucleosynthesis Observational astronomy Gamma ray astronomy Infrared astronomy Microwave astronomy| Optical astronomy Radio astronomy UV astronomy X-ray astronomy Behavioral science Biology Aerobiology Anatomy Comparative anatomy Human anatomy Animal communications Biochemistry Bioinformatics Biophysics Botany Cell biology Chronobiology Cryobiology Ecology Human ecology Landscape ecology Endocrinology Entomology Evolutionary biology Genetics Human biology Human anatomy Limnology Linnaean taxonomy Marine biology Microbiology Molecular biology Mycology Neuroscience Ornithology Paleontology Parasitology Pathology Phycology Physiology Human physiology Virology Molecular Virology Epidemial Virology Xenobiology Zoology Cryptozoology Entomology Herpetology Ichthyology Oology Ornithology Primatology Zootomy See also: [[#Anthropology|]], [[#Psychology|]] Chemistry Analytical chemistry Biochemistry Materials science Cheminformatics Computational chemistry Quantum Chemistry Inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry Physical chemistry Theoretical chemistry Physics Acoustics Astrophysics Atomic Biophysics Theoretical Physics Computational physics Condensed matter physics Quantum Physics Cryogenics Fluid dynamics Medical Physics Materials science Newtonian Dynamics| Optics Nuclear physics Plasma physics Particle physics Vehicle dynamics Earth sciences Edaphology Environmental science Geodesy Geography Geology Geochemistry Geomorphology Geophysics Glaciology Hydrogeology Hydrology Meteorology Mineralogy Oceanography Pedology| Paleontology Planetary science| Sedimentology Soil science Mathematics and computer science Mathematics Algebra Applied mathematics Analysis| Calculus Game theory Geometry Information theory Number theory Probability theory Statistics Topology For a more extensive list, see list of mathematics articles, and list of mathematics lists. See also: AMS Mathematics Subject Classification Computer science Algorithms Artificial intelligence Bioinformatics Cheminformatics Computer security Computing Complexity theory Cryptography Distributed systems Hardware| Programming| (see List of programming languages) Formal methods Information systems Robotics Visual Analytics Human-computer interaction See also: ACM Computing Classification System Social sciences Anthropology Biological anthropology Forensic anthropology Gene-culture coevolution| Human behavioral ecology Human evolution Population genetics Primatology Anthropological linguistics Synchronic linguistics| (or Descriptive linguistics) Diachronic linguistics (or Historical linguistics) Educational Ethnolinguistics Sociolinguistics Archeology Cultural anthropology Anthropology of religion Anthropology of technology Economic anthropology Ethnography Ethnohistory Ethnology Ethnomusicology Mythology Political anthropology Psychological anthropology Urban anthropology Historical anthropology Medical anthropology Archaeology Communications Animal communications Information theory Interpersonal communications Marketing Propaganda Public affairs Public diplomacy Public relations Technical Writing Nonverbal communications Speech communications Telecommunications Computer-mediated communications Telecommunications Systems Management Economics Econometrics Game theory Human development theory Labour economics Microeconomics Macroeconomics Resource economics Ethnic Studies Asian American Studies Black Studies or African American Studies Chicano Studies Latino/a Studies Native American Studies Ethnology Ethnomusicology Folklore History Ancient history Diplomatic history Ethnohistory European history History of science and technology Military history Modern history Geography Cartography Human geography Cultural geography Feminist geography Economic geography Development geography Historical geography Time geography Political geography & geopolitics Military geography Strategic geography Population geography Social geography Behavioral geography Children's geographies Health geography Tourism geography Urban geography Environmental geography Physical geography Biogeography Climatology Palaeoclimatology Coastal geography Geomorphology Geodesy Hydrology/Hydrography Glaciology Limnology Oceanography Landscape ecology Palaeogeography Regional geography Linguistics Historical linguistics Interlinguistics Morphology| Phonetics Phonology Pragmatics Semantics Sociolinguistics Syntax Political science Civics International relations Political philosophy Psephology Public policy Psychology Behavioural psychology| Cognitive psychology Cognitive science Differential psychology Developmental psychology Evolutionary psychology Evolutionary developmental psychology Evolutionary educational psychology Experimental psychology Intrapersonal communications Neuropsychology Organisational psychology| Psychological astrology or Astropsychology|* Psychology of work Parapsychology* Psychoanalysis Quantitative Psychology Social psychology Semiotics Vexillology* Sociology For a more extensive list see Subfields of sociology Collective behavior Computational sociology Environmental sociology Interactionism Economic development Economic sociology Feminist sociology Functionalism| Future studies Human ecology Industrial sociology Media Sociology Medical sociology Political sociology Program evaluation Public sociology Pure sociology Rural Sociology| Science studies Science and technology studies Social change Social demography Social inequality Social movements Social Theory| Sociobiology Sociology of culture Sociology of conflict Sociology of deviance Sociology of disaster Sociology of the family Sociology of markets Sociology of religion Sociology of sport Urban studies or Urban sociology Visual sociology Humanities and arts Area studies (sometimes called cultural studies) American studies African studies Asian Studies Catholic studies Canadian Studies Chinese studies Eastern European studies Esperanto studies German studies International Studies Japanese studies| Latin American Studies Irish studies Islamic studies Jewish studies Russian studies Art Art history Studio art Visual arts Creative Arts Painting Photography Classics Creative writing Creative nonfiction Fiction writing Non-fiction writing Literary journalism Poetry composition Screenwriting Dance Choreography Dance analysis Dance notation Dance studies Ethnochoreology History of dance Performance, somatic practice English Studies also see Literature| and linguistics English linguistics English sociolinguistics Discourse analysis in English Composition studies World Englishes History of the English language Teaching English as a Second Language American literature African American literature Jewish American literature Southern literature Australian literature British literature (literature outside England may be written in Celtic languages) English literature Northern Ireland literature Scottish literature Welsh literature Canadian literature (a significant amount of Canadian literature is also written in French|) Indian literature Irish literature New Zealand literature Nigerian literature Film studies and film criticism Animation Folklore Gender studies Queer studies Women's studies History See entry under Social sciences| Linguistics See entry under Social sciences| Literature and cultural studies English studies Comparative literature Literatures English literature African American literature American literature British literature Indian literature Irish literature French literature Gaelic literature German literature Hindi literature Hebrew Literature Portuguese| & Brazilian literature Spanish literature Yiddish literature other languages' and cultures' literatures Methods and topics Literary criticism Literary theory Media studies New media Poetics Music Accompanying Arts leadership Chamber music Church music Musical composition Conducting Choral conducting Orchestral conducting Wind ensemble conducting Early music Jazz studies and new media Music education Music theory pedagogy Music history Music theory Musicology Ethnomusicology Performance and literature Organ and historical keyboards Piano Strings Voice| Woodwinds Orchestral studies Museology Mythology Philology Philosophy Aesthetics Continental philosophy Eastern philosophy Epistemology Ethics Feminist philosophy Hermeneutics History of philosophy Logic Metaphysics Philosophy of language Philosophy of mathematics Philosophy of mind Philosophy of religion Philosophy of science Political philosophy Religious studies Comparative religious studies| Christian theology Angelology Anthropology Bibliology Canon law Catholic studies Church history Christology Ecclesiology Eschatology Hamartiology Pneumatology Soteriology Theodicy Law and Gospel Ethics Homiletics Islamic studies Hadith Islamic history Islamic jurisprudence Qur'an Jewish Studies Bible Halakha Jewish history Jewish philosophy Jewish literature Kabbalah Midrash Talmud Liturgics Mythology Theology Astrology* Divination* Esotericism* Moral theology Mystical theology* Mysticism* Numerology* Occult topics|* Spirituality Western mystery tradition* Theatre History| Acting Directing| Design Dramaturgy Professions / Applied sciences/ Applied arts Agriculture Agronomy Animal science Agrology Agricultural economics Aquaculture Beekeeping (Apiculture) Horticulture Plant science Business Accounting scholarship Business ethics Finance Hospitality Business Industrial and labor relations| Collective bargaining Human resources Organizational Behavior International and comparative labor Labor economics Labor history Labor statistics Information systems Management Marketing Manufacturing Design Urban planning Urban Design Industrial Design, Product design Visual Communication, Graphic design, Interface design Architecture Interior Design (also see family and consumer science below), Interior Architecture Landscape architecture Landscape planning Fashion design, Textile design Education Curriculum and instruction Elementary Education (Primary education & Intermediate education) Middle school education Secondary education Higher education Agricultural education Art education Bilingual education Chemistry education Language education Legal education Mathematics education Medical education Military education and training Music education Peace education Physical education Physics education Reading education Religious education Science education Sex education Technology education Vocational education Educational leadership Educational psychology Educational technology Engineering Acoustic engineering Agricultural engineering Architectural engineering Bioengineering Biomaterials engineering Biomedical engineering Chemical engineering Civil engineering Combat engineering Computer engineering Control systems engineering| Ecological engineering Electrical engineering Electronic engineering Microelectronics and semiconductor engineering| Engineering Physics Environmental engineering Industrial engineering Materials engineering Ceramic engineering Metallurgical engineering Polymer engineering Mechanical engineering Mining engineering Nuclear engineering Ocean engineering Optical engineering Quality assurance engineering| Petroleum engineering Robotics Safety engineering Telecommunications engineering Transportation engineering Aerospace engineering Automotive systems engineering| Naval engineering Marine engineering Naval architecture Ergonomics Family and consumer science Foodservice management Hotel administration Consumer education Housing Interior design (also see architecture and environmental design above) Nutrition (also see medical sciences below) Textiles Forestry Forestry organisation Silviculture Health sciences Medical Sciences Dentistry Dental hygiene and Epidemiology Dental surgery Restorative dentistry and Endodontics Orthodontics Oral and maxillofacial surgery Pedodontics (Pediatric dentistry) Periodontics Prosthodontics Implantology| Human medicine| Cardiology Endocrinology and diabetology Epidemiology Forensics Geriatrics Hematology Internal medicine Health science Nephrology Neurology Neurosurgery Orthopedic surgery Pathology Pediatrics Psychiatry (see also: Anti-psychiatry*) Rheumatology Surgery Urology Midwifery Nursing Veterinary medicine Nutrition (also see family and consumer science above) Optometry Pharmacy Physiotherapy Public health Speech-Language Pathology Journalism and mass communications Advertising Film Journalism Broadcast journalism New media journalism Print journalism Public relations Law Canon law Comparative law Constitutional law Civil law| Accounting law Admiralty law Corporations Civil procedure Contracts Environmental law International law Labor law Property law Tax law Torts Criminal law Criminal procedure Criminal justice (also see Public Affairs and Community Service below) Police science Forensics Islamic law Jewish law Jurisprudence Manx law Philosophy of law Library and information science Archival science Bibliometrics Citation analysis Human information behaviors Informatics Information architecture Informetrics Knowledge organization Museum informatics Scholarly communication Scientometrics Military science Artillery Air force studies Campaigning| Combat engineering Comparative military systems Doctrine Force planning Game theory (also see economics above) Generalship Joint warfare studies Leadership Logistics Military ethics Military history Military intelligence Military law Military medicine Naval science Naval engineering Naval tactics Naval architecture Weapons systems Special operations and low intensity conflict Strategy Tactics| Naval tactics Public affairs Criminal justice (also see Law above) Corrections Nonprofit administration Parks and recreation management Public administration Industrial and labor relations| (also see Business above) Social work Child welfare Community practice Community organizing Social policy Human services management Nonprofit management (also see Public affairs above) Corrections (also see Public affairs above) Family and children's services Gerontology Medical social work Mental health School social work| See also Academia Fields of science Interdisciplinarity List of education topics External links Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2000): Developed by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics to provide a taxonomic scheme that will support the accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completions activity.

Content reference pages

Lists:   (Basic) Topics – Fields of study – How-tos – Overview – Portals – Timelines

Indices:   Anniversaries – Categories – Countries – Cycles – Dewey Decimal – LOC Classes – People