Tajik/Lesson 3
This is the grammar of the Tajik language.
Ҷонишинҳои шахсӣ (Personal pronouns) edit
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Ман | Мо |
| 2nd person | Ту | Шумо |
| 3rd person | Вай, ӯ | Онҳо |
Now we will create simple phrases with the pronouns and the words хона - house and доштан (асоси замони ҳозира: дор) - have.
Ман хона дорам - I have a house
Мо хона дорем - We have a house
Ту хона дорӣ - You have a house
Шумо хона доред - You (pl.) have a house
Вай хона дорад (Ӯ хона дорад) - He has a house
Онҳо хона доранд - They have a house
Асосҳои феълӣ (Verb stems) edit
Масдар (Infinitive) edit
The infinitive in Tajik consists of the past tense stem and the infinitive ending -ан.
пухтан - to bake
рафтан - to go
кардан - to do
харидан - to buy
омадан - to come
бурдан - to carry
гирифтан - to take
доштан - to have
додан - to give
рақсидан - to dance
гуфтан - to say
хӯрдан - to eat
афтидан - to fall
нӯшидан - to drink
давидан - to run
мондан - to lay (transitive verb)
Асоси замони гузашта (Past tense stem) edit
The past tense stem indicates the singular 3rd person past simple verb (he did, etc.). To form the past tense stem, the -ан ending is detached from the infinitive. However, some verbs are irregular.
афтод - he fell
Асоси замони ҳозира (Present/future tense stem) edit
The present/future tense stem is mostly irregular. It indicates the imperative.
паз - bake!
рав - go!
кун - do!
хар - buy!
ой - come!
бар - carry!
гир - take!
дор - have!
деҳ - give!
рақс - dance!
гӯй - say!
хӯр - eat!
афт - fall!
нӯш - drink
дав - run!