Congratulations on your decision to start learning Hangeul, the Korean script! You will see that being able to read Korean will baffle your friends and enrich your life. Also, you will no longer be completely illiterate when travelling to Korea.
Even though Korean may look similar to Chinese or Japanese to the uninitiated, it is actually much easier because the characters are a combination of just 24 letters (jamo) and a few simple variations, rather than thousands of drawings to memorize. So even going at a relaxed pace of 4 letters per lesson, you will have learned everything you need to read Korean after just a few lessons, compared with the years of training required to master the Japanese or Chinese scripts!
First letters edit
First we will learn the Korean letters (jamo) for "A" and "B".
B edit
_stroke_order.png)
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| ㅂ (bieup) stroke order |
| Sound sample of ㅂ (bieup) (help·info) |
| Letter (jamo): | ㅂ |
| Pronunciation: | [b] or [p] |
The letter ㅂ (called bieup) is pronounced somewhat like the English b sound. It can also sound like the English p sound but it is not aspirated. It is said without a burst of air. To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, put a hand or a lit candle in front of your mouth and say "pin" ([pʰɪn]) and then "spin" ([spɪn]). You should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with "pin" that doesn't appear with "spin".
So, ㅂ sounds like the b in in the English word "bin" or like the p in the English word "spin".
A edit
_stroke_order.png)
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| ㅏ (a) stroke order |
| Sound sample of ㅏ (a) (help·info) |
| Letter (jamo): | ㅏ |
| Pronunciation: | [a] |
The letter ㅏ (a) is pronounced somewhere between the "a" in "map" and the "a" in "father".
Combining letters edit
To combine them into a complete Korean character, fit them into an imaginary little square box:
| Letter (jamo): | ㅂ | ㅏ | => | 바 |
| Romanization: | b | a | ba | |
| Pronunciation: | [p] | [a] | [pa] |
Exercise edit
The character 바 is the actual spelling of a Korean word. Can you guess what it means? Click "▼" below to see the answer.
바 (ba) is the Korean word for "bar" (that is, a pub or a saloon). Easy, isn't it?
There is a standard way to represent Korean words in the Latin alphabet (the alphabet used to write English), called the Revised Romanization of Korean. In that system, 바 is represented as "ba". When there is a difference between the standard romanization and the usual pronunciation of a Korean word, this course shows the standard romanization of Korean characters and words in italics (like ba for the standard romanization of 바) and the pronunciation in square brackets (like [pa] for the pronunciation of 바).
N edit
_stroke_order.png)
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| ㄴ (nieun) stroke order |
| Sound sample of ㄴ (nieun) (help·info) |
Now, the next important letter to learn is ㄴ (nieun):
| Letter (jamo): | ㄴ |
| Pronunciation: | [n] |
The letter ㄴ (nieun) represents the n sound.
Notice how the letter ㄴ (n) combines with the letter ㅏ (a) to make the character 나 (na):
| Letter (jamo): | ㄴ | ㅏ | => | 나 |
| Pronunciation: | [n] | [a] | [na] |
Exercise edit
Try to read and understand the following word:
English: ba-na-na (transliteration), "banana" — Look it up here: 바나나 actually means "banana"!
When you think you know the answer, click "▼" above and to the right to see whether you are right.
Initial consonant placeholder edit
| ㅇ (ieung) stroke order |
| In initial position, ㅇ (ieung) is silent. |
Every Korean character represents one syllable, and each starts with a space for a consonant. But some syllables start with a vowel, such as the beginning of the Korean greeting "annyeong haseyo". Those syllables use the placeholder ㅇ (called ieung) for the initial consonant. It's easy to remember the placeholder because it has zero pronunciation and is written like the number zero (0):
| Letter (jamo): | ㅇ |
| Pronunciation: | (silent) |
To make a syllable that starts with a vowel, write the placeholder ㅇ followed by that vowel:
| Letter (jamo): | ㅇ | ㅏ | => | 아 |
| Pronunciation: | (silent) | [a] | [a] |
So, the initial consonant placeholder ㅇ (ieung) combines with ㅏ (a) to make the word 아 (a, meaning "ah" or "oh").
Exercise edit
Try to read the following Korean words:
English: a-ba (transliteration), "Abba"
English: a-ba-na (transliteration), "Havana". It sounds like the Spanish name for the city: La Habana.
When you think you know the answer, click "▼" above and to the right to see whether you are right.
Syllables with a final consonant edit
Some syllables end in a consonant, especially when a word has a cluster of two consonants in the middle: one consonant then forms the end of one syllable and the other forms the beginning of the next syllable. Fitting two consonants and a vowel into a little square box is a little trickier. First write the initial consonant and the vowel next to each other as before, then put the final consonant below them. For example:
| Letter (jamo): | ㅂ | ㅏ | => | 반 |
| ㄴ | ||||
| Romanization: | b a n |
ban | ||
| Pronunciation: | [ p a n ] | [pan] | ||
Exercise edit
Can you read the following?
English: an-na (transliteration), "Anna"
When you think you know the answer, click "▼" above and to the right to see whether you are right.
Did you manage to read that? If so, you will soon be able to read Korean fluently.
End of lesson 1 edit
This was in fact the hardest lesson of all, because you didn't have any previous knowledge. The next lessons will build on what you learned here and you will find them easier, also because you will be able to practice reading much more once you know a few more letters. If you don't feel overwhelmed right now, you can already continue with the next lesson, where you will learn a few more letters and many more words. Otherwise, please come back to it later.
Jamo learned so far:
| Basic 예사소리 |
Letter (jamo) | ㄴ | ㅂ | ㅇ | |||||||
| Romanization Pronunciation |
n [n] |
b or p [b] or [p] |
- (initial) silent |
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| Letter (jamo) | ㅏ | |||||||||
| Romanization Pronunciation |
a [a] |
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