Flora of New York/Cichorioideae

← Carduoideae	Flora of New York — Asterales : Asteraceae : Vernonioideae & Cichorioideae				→ Senecioneae, Calenduleae, Gnaphalieae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Subfamily Vernonioideae edit

Prior to 2019, the tribe Vernonieae was included in the Asteraceae subfamily Cichorioideae. Mandel et al. (2019) proposed moving Vernonieae and several related tribes into their own Asteraceae subfamily, Vernonioideae.^[1]

↑ Mandel, J. R., R. B. Dikow, C. M. Siniscalchi, R. Thapa, L. E. Watson, and V. A. Funk. 2019. A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116: 14083–14088.

Tribe Vernonieae edit

Vernonieae Cassini, "the evil tribe"^[1]^[2]

Subtribe Vernoniineae edit

Vernonia edit

Vernonia noveboracensis

Asterales — Asteraceae — Vernonioideae — Vernonieae — Vernoniineae — Vernonia
Genus Vernonia	Ironweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. 1753. Serratula noveboracensis L. in… 1753. Serratula praealta L. in… 1768. Serratula caroliniana Mill. in… 1768. Behen noveboracensis (L.) Hill in… 1768. Behen praealtum Hill in… 1788. Chrysocoma tomentosa Walter in… 1803. Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. in… 1803. Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Willd. in… 1804. Chrysocoma noveboracensis Desf. in… 1823. Vernonia tomentosa Elliott in… 1852. Vernonia rugeliana Shuttlew. ex A.Gray in… 1891. Cacalia noveboracensis (L.) Kuntze in… 1906. Vernonia harperi Gleason	New York ironweed	Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure, S4 FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4 NYFA: 15 counties iNat GBIF ? counties	USDA-N0 COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. 1788. Chrysocoma gigantea Walter in… 1803. Vernonia praealta Michx. in… 1804. Chrysocoma praealta Desf. in… 1818. Vernonia altissima Nutt. in… 1838. Serratula altissima (Nutt.) DC. in… 1891. Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. in… 1891. Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. ex Branner & Coville in… 1891. Cacalia gigantea (Walter) Kuntze in…	Tall ironweed, Giant ironweed Vernonie géante	Native, CoC: 0, Endangered, S1, G5 FAC-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1 NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-NN COL POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Vernonia arkansana DC. 1838. Vernonia arkansana DC. in… 1838. Vernonia crinita Raf. in… 1891. Cacalia arkansana (DC.) Kuntze in…	Ozark ironweed ⓘ Arkansas ironweed ⓘ	Introduced, N. America native Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: Xm NYFA: ? counties GBIF ? counties	USDA-NN POWO Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Vernonia fasciculata Michx. 1803. Vernonia fasciculata Michx. 1907. Vernonia fasciculata var. corymbosa (Schwein.) Daniels 1972. Vernonia fasciculata ssp. corymbosa (Schwein.) S.B.Jones	Smooth ironweed, Fascicled ironweed, Prairie ironweed Vernonie fasciculée	Introduced from Midwest, N. America native Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: Xm NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd. 1753. Serratula glauca L. 1803. Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd. 1884. Vernonia noveboracensis var. tomentosa Britton & Brown	Broadleaf ironweed	Introduced from PA south, N. America native, No NY reports Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: Unlisted NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies
Vernonia missurica Raf. Vernonia missurica Raf.	Missouri ironweed	Introduced from south-central US, midwestern US, N. America native, No NY reports, naturalized in MA FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: Unlisted NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe Arctotideae edit

Subtribe Gorteriinae edit

Gazania edit

Genus Gazania (Treasure Flowers)

Asterales — Asteraceae — Vernonioideae — Arctotideae — Gorteriinae — Gazania
Genus Berkheya	African Thistles	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NPT
Gazania linearis	Wedding treasureflower ⓘ	Introduced, Cultivated		NYFA: Not listed 13 cultivated	Images Wikispecies
Gazania rigens	Trailing Treasureflower ⓘ	Introduced, Cultivated		NYFA: Not listed 3 cultivated	Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Cichorioideae edit

Tribe Cichorieae edit

The members of the Cichorieae have white latex and most have flower heads with perfect 5-dentate, mostly-yellow, ligulate flowers.^[1]

↑ ICN (Hand R., Kilian N. & Raab-Straube E. von; general editors) 2009+ (continuously updated): International Cichorieae Network: Cichorieae Portal. Published at http://cichorieae.e-taxonomy.net/portal/; accessed 21 Sep. 2015.

Subtribe Scorzonerinae edit

Scorzonerinae Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 63. 18271^[1]

↑ Kilian N., Hand R. & Raab-Straube E. von (general editors) 2009+ (continuously updated): Cichorieae Systematics Portal. – Published at http://cichorieae.e-taxonomy.net/portal/; accessed Dec. 20, 2023.

Tragopogon edit

Tragopogon pratensis

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Scorzonerinae
Genus Tragopogon	Goat's beard, Salsify	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tragopogon pratensis L. 1753. Tragopogon pratensis L. 1806. Hieracium tragopogon E.H.L.Krause in…	Meadow salsify, Meadow goat's-beard, Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon Salsifis des prés	Introduced from Eurasia		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Tragopogon porrifolius L. 1753. Tragopogon porrifolius L.	Salsify, Purple salsify, Purple goat's-beard, Vegetable oyster Salsifis cultivé, Salsifis blanc	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Tragopogon dubius Scop. ssp. dubius 1772. Tragopogon dubius Scop. in… 1879. Tragopogon major ssp. dubius (Scop.) Nyman in… 1912. Tragopogon pratensis ssp. dubius (Scop.) Gaut. in…	Yellow salsify Salsifis majeur	Introduced		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Tragopogon × neohybridus Farw. Tragopogon porrifolius × Tragopogon pratensis 1930. Tragopogon neohybridus Farw.	Goat's-beard, Newhybrid salsify, Hybrid of Meadow salsify & Purple salsify	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 IPN Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Scolyminae edit

Scolymus edit

Scolymus hispanicus
golden thistle

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Scolyminae — Scolymus
Genus Scolymus	Golden thistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Scolymus hispanicus L. 1753. Scolymus hispanicus L. 1799. Scolymus grandiflorus Desf.	Common goldenthistle, Spanish oyster-plant, Spanish salsify	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Impersistent, Not naturalized		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Lactucinae edit

Lactuca edit

Lactuca canadensis

Eight Lettuce (Lactuca) species are reported in the New York Flora Atlas, along with a hybrid of the two more common native lettuce species. Four of the species are considered to be native to New York, while the other four are Eurasian species, including the cultivated garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa).

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Lactucinae — Lactuca
Genus Lactuca	Lettuce	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lactuca canadensis L. 1753. Lactuca canadensis L. 1803. Lactuca longifolia Michx. 1824. Lactuca sagittifolia Elliott 1891. Lactuca canadensis var. latifolia Kuntze 1898. Lactuca canadensis var. montana Britton 1920. Lactuca canadensis var. obovata Wiegand 1923. Lactuca canadensis var. longifolia (Michx.) Farw.	Tall lettuce, Canada lettuce, Canada wild lettuce, Tall wild lettuce, Arrow-leaved lettuce, Devil's weed Laitue du Canada	Native, CoC: 1, Secure FACU Annual, biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 NYFA: ? counties iNat ? counties	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald 1794. Sonchus biennis Moench 1940. Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald	Tall blue lettuce, Blue wood lettuce, Biennial lettuce	Native, CoC: 1, Secure FAC-FACU Annual, biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lactuca × morssii B.L.Rob. Lactuca biennis × Lactuca canadensis	Morss’s lettuce, Wild lettuce	Native, Unranked		NYFA: U NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. ex Nutt.	Tall hairy lettuce, Hairy lettuce, Downy lettuce	Native, CoC: 5, Endangered Biennial		NYFA: 1 NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.	Woodland lettuce	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered		NYFA: 1 NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Lactuca serriola L. 1753. Lactuca virosa L. misappl. 1756. Lactuca serriola L. 1763. Lactuca scariola L. orth.var. 1773. Lactuca augustana All. 1926. Lactuca serriola var. integrata Farw.	Prickly lettuce, China lettuce, Wild lettuce	Introduced from Europe		NYFA: X NYFA: 35 counties ~30 counties	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Lactuca saligna L.	Willow-leaved lettuce	Introduced		NYFA: X NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Lactuca sativa L.	Garden lettuce	Introduced		NYFA: X NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-XW ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC. 1813. Sonchus pulchellus Pursh 1838. Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC. 1839. Mulgedium pulchellum (Pursh) G. Don 1841. Mulgedium pulchellum (Pursh) Nutt. (isonym) 1939. Lactuca tatarica ssp. pulchella (Pursh) Stebbins 1957. Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung	Showy blue lettuce, Blue lettuce	Introduced		NYFA: X NYFA: ? counties ? counties	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Mycelis edit

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Lactucinae — Mycelis
Genus Mycelis Cass.	Blue sow thistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	Refs.^[1] NPT
Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. 1753. Prenanthes muralis L. 1791. Lactuca muralis (L.) Gaertn. 1822. Cicerbita muralis (L.) Wallr. 1827. Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort.	Wall lettuce	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Flora Atlas (NYFA): Mycelis genus page

Subtribe Hyoseridinae edit

Sonchus edit

Sonchus arvensis

All sow thistles (Sonchus spp.) found in New York are non-native plants. Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis, in particular, is considered to be a noxious weed in much of North America and is being tracked in New York for its invasiveness.^[1]

↑ iMapInvasives (2022). Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis New York Species Record

Sonchus	sow-thistle	flowerhead (capitulum) width (mm)	fruiting involucre length (mm)	duration	roots	peduncles (flower/fruit stalks)	phyllaries (involucral bracts)	leaf blades
S. arvensis ssp. arvensis	field sowthistle	30-50	>13, 14-17	perennial	creeping, deep-seated rhizome	pubescent, yellow stipitate glands	pubescent, yellow stipitate glands, 14-17 mm
S. arvensis ssp. uliginosus	smooth sowthistle	30-50	>13, 10-15	perennial	creeping, deep-seated rhizome	glabrous, sessile yellow glands	glabrous, sessile yellow glands or tomentose, 10-15 mm
S. asper	spiny-leaved sowthistle	15-25	≤13	annual or biennial	taproot	stipulate glands or sometimes glabrous	9-13+ mm	firm, stiff prickles, rounded basal auricles
S. oleraceus	common sow-thistle	15-25	≤13	annual or biennial	taproot	glabrous or sometimes stipulate glands	9-13+ mm	soft, softer prickles, triangular basal auricles

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Hyoseridinae
Genus Sonchus	Sow thistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sonchus arvensis L. ssp. arvensis 1753. Sonchus arvensis L. in… 1771. Hieracium arvense Scop. in… 1813. Lepicaune spinulosa Lapeyr. in… 1826. Hieracium spinulosum Spreng. in… 1869. Sonchoseris arvensis Fourr. in…	Field sow thistle ⓘ Field sow-thistle ⓘ Laiteron des champs ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: 20, USGS: L48 invasive, USGS: L48 established, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Sonchus arvensis L. ssp. uliginosus (M.Bieb.) Nyman 1808. Sonchus uliginosus M.Bieb. 1866. Sonchus arvensis var. uliginosus (M.Bieb.) Trautv. 1879. Sonchus arvensis ssp. uliginosus (M.Bieb.) Nyman	Smooth sow thistle ⓘ Moist sowthistle	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: 3, USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill 1769. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill 1800. Hieracium asperum (L.) Bernh.	Spiny-leaved sowthistle ⓘ Spiny sowthistle Prickly sowthistle	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: 9, USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Sonchus oleraceus L.	Common sowthistle	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: 9, USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Sonchus tenerrimus L.	Slender sowthistle	Introduced, Not naturalized		NYFA: X NYFA: Richmond (1908) No observations	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Crepidinae edit

Subtribe Crepidinae

Crepidinae

Nabalus (8 native rattlesnake roots)

	Ixeris stolonifera (creeping lettuce - not naturalized)

	Taraxacum (3 introduced dandelions)

	Crepis (6 introduced hawk's beards)

	Lapsana communis (introduced nipplewort)

Nabalus edit

Nabalus serpentarius

Common names for Nabalus species include rattlesnake-root and white lettuce.

Names		Principle phyllaries (inner/longer involucral bracts)			Flower count	Ray color	Pappus color
Nabalus	rattlesnakeroot	surface	color	count	Flower count	Ray color	Pappus color
N. altissimus	tall rattlesnake root	glabrous	pale green	(4)5(6)	5–6
N. trifoliolatus	threeleaf rattlesnake root	glabrous	pale green	(7)8–14	(8)9–18(20)	green-yellow to yellow-white	light brown to pale yellow-brown
N. albus	white rattlesnake root	glabrous	pale purple-green	(7)8–14	(8)9–18(20)	white-pink-lavender	deep red-brown

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Hypochaeridinae — Nabalus
Genus Nabalus	Rattlesnakeroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hook. 1753. Prenanthes altissima L. 1833. Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hook. 1900. Prenanthes altissima var. hispidula Fernald 1908. Prenanthes altissima var. cinnamomea Fernald	Tall rattlesnake root, Tall rattlesnake-root, Tall white-lettuce Prenanthe élevée	Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5? FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass. 1825. Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass. 1838. Nabalus nanus (Bigelow) DC. 1839. Prenanthes nana Torr. ex DC. 1900. Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Fernald 1901. Prenanthes trifoliolata var. nana (Bigelow) Fernald	Three-leaved rattlesnake root, Threeleaf rattlesnake-root, Gall of the earth	Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Nabalus albus (L.) Hook. 1753. Prenanthes alba L. 1833. Nabalus albus (L.) Hook.	White rattlesnakeroot, White rattlesnake-root Prenanthe blanche	Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5 FACU Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Nabalus serpentarius (Pursh) Hook. 1813. Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh Nabalus integrifolius Cass. 1833. Nabalus serpentarius (Pursh) Hook. Nabalus fraseri DC. P. integrifolia (Cass.) Small	Lion's-foot rattlesnakeroot, Cankerweed, Gall-of-the-earth, Butterweed	Native, CoC: 10, Unranked, SNR		Albany, Bronx, Chemung, Kings, Nassau, Otsego, Queens, Richmond, Suffolk, Ulster, Westchester NYFA: 3-4 iNat	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Nabalus boottii DC. 1838. Nabalus boottii DC. 1847. Prenanthes boottii (DC.) D. Dietr.	Alpine rattlesnakeroot, Boott's rattlesnake-root	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G2 Perennial, Herb-forb		Essex (1862-1998) NYFA: 1 iNat	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Nabalus crepidineus (Michx.) DC. Prenanthes crepidinea Michx. Nabalus crepidineus (Michx.) DC.	Nodding rattlesnakeroot, Nodding rattlesnake-root	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, No recent reports, SH, G3-4 FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		Cattaraugus, Erie (1844) NYFA: Z iNat	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Nabalus racemosus Michx. ssp. racemosa Nabalus racemosus	Glaucous rattlesnake-root, Purple rattlesnakeroot, Purple rattlesnake-root	Native, CoC: 10, Extirpated, SX FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		Kings (1891), Nassau (1909), Queens (1882), Rockland, Westchester (1896) NYFA: X iNat	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Nabalus × mainensis (A. Gray) A. Heller Nabalus racemosus × Nabalus trifoliolatus	Maine rattlesnake root	Native, No recent reports, SNA, GNA Perennial, Herb-forb		Nassau (1909) NYFA: Z	USDA- Images Wikispecies

Ixeris edit

Ixeris stolonifera

Creeping lettuce (Ixeris stolonifera) appears to have been collected from a Long Island garden in 1985 and has also been found in New Jersey, southeastern Pennsylvania, and Delaware but is not assumed to naturalize in New York State.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Crepidinae — Ixeris
Genus Ixeris	Ixeris	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray Ixeris stolonifera (A. Gray Lactuca stolonifera (A. Gray) Benth. ex Maxim.	Creeping lettuce	Introduced from east Asia, Impersistent, Not naturalized		Nassau (1985) NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Taraxacum edit

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Crepidinae — Taraxacum
Genus Taraxacum	Dandelion	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg. Leontodon taraxacum L. Taraxacum officinale var. palustre Blytt Taraxacum sylvanicum R.Doll Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg.	Common dandelion, Dandelion Pissenlit officinal	Introduced, Widespread weed		NYFA: X	USDA-MM Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. ex Besser Leontodon erythrospermum (Andrz. ex Besser) Britton Taraxacum disseminatum G.E.Haglund Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. ex Besser Taraxacum lacistophyllum (Dahlst.) Raunk.	Red-seeded dandelion, Smooth dandelion, Lesser dandelion, Rock dandelion Pissenlit à graines rouges, Pissenlit à fruits rouges	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Taraxacum palustre (Lyons) Symons	Marsh dandelion Pissenlit palustre, Pissenlit des marais	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Taraxacum (excluded)	Dandelion	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) DC	Horned dandelion, Northern dandelion, Woolbearing dandelion Pissenlit tuberculé, Pissenlit corniculé	N. America native western N. A., N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Taraxacum spectabile Dahlst.	Showy dandelion ⓘ	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Youngia edit

Youngia japonica

Oriental false hawksbeard (Youngia japonica) appears to be present in New York State and is being tracked for its invasive potential.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Crepidinae — Youngia
Genus Youngia	False hawksbeard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Youngia japonica (L.) DC.	Oriental false hawksbeard	Introduced, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, GRIIS-US: Invasive		NYFA: 0 counties iNat GBIF 4 counties	Images Wikispecies

Crepis edit

Crepis capillaris

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Crepidinae — Crepis
Genus Crepis	Hawksbeard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. 1763. Crepis virens L. 1840. Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. 1860. Malacothrix crepoides A.Gray 1874. Crepis cooperi A.Gray (i)	Smooth hawksbeard, Smooth hawk's-beard, Green crepis Crépis capillaire, Crépis à tige capillaire, Crépis verdâtre, Crépide à tige capillaire, Crépide capillaire, Crépide verdâtre	Introduced from Europe UPL Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Crepis biennis L. 1753. Crepis biennis L. 1838. Limonoseris biennis (L.) Peterm.	Rough hawksbeard, Rough hawk's-beard Crépis bisannuel, Crépis des prés, Crépide bisannuelle, Crépide des prés	Introduced from Europe Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Crepis setosa Haller f. 1797. Crepis setosa Haller f.	Bristly hawksbeard, Bristly hawk's-beard	Introduced from Eurasia		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Crepis tectorum L. 1753. Crepis tectorum L.	Narrowleaf hawksbeard, Narrow-leaved hawk's-beard Crépis des troits	Introduced from Eurasia		NYFA: X	USDA-XW ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Crepis vesicaria L. ssp. taraxacifolia	Beaked hawksbeard, Beaked hawk's-beard	Introduced, Impersistent			USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Lapsana edit

Lapsana communis

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Crepidinae — Lapsana
Genus Lapsana	Nipplewort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lapsana communis L. 1753. Lapsana communis L. 1899. Lalda communis (L.) Bubani	Nipplewort ⓘ Common nipplewort ⓘ Ballogan ⓘ Succory-dock ⓘ Dock-cress Succory dock-cress Lapsane commune ⓘ	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: 9, USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized FACU Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Chondrillinae edit

Chondrilla edit

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Chondrillinae — Chondrilla
Genus Chondrilla	Chondrilla	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chondrilla juncea L.	Rush skeletonweed	Introduced, Noxious weed US west		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Hypochaeridinae edit

The subtribe Hypochaeridinae contains the genera Hedypnois, Helminthotheca, Hypochaeris, Leontodon, Picris, Prenanthes, Scorzoneroides, and Urospermum.^[1]

Hypochaeridinae

Urospermum

Prenanthes purpurea

Scorzoneroides autumnalis (fall dandelion)

Hypochaeris radicata (hairy cat’s ear)

	Helminthotheca echioides (bristly oxtongue)

	Picris hieracioides (hawkweed oxtongue)

Hedypnois

	Leontodon hispidus (rough hawkbit)

	Leontodon saxatilis (lesser hawkbit)

↑ Samuel, R., Gutermann, W., Stuessy, T.F., Ruas, C.F., Lack, H.-W., Tremetsberger, K., Talavera, S., Hermanowski, B. and Ehrendorfer, F. (2006), Molecular phylogenetics reveals Leontodon (Asteraceae, Lactuceae) to be diphyletic. Am. J. Bot., 93: 1193-1205.

Scorzoneroides edit

Scorzoneroides autumnalis

^[1]

↑ Greuter,W.,Gutermann,W.&Talavera,S.:A preliminary conspectus of Scorzoneroides (Compositae,Cichorieae) with validation of the required new names.–Willdenowia 36:689-692.–ISSN 0511-9618;©2006 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Hypochaeridinae — Scorzoneroides
Genus Scorzoneroides	Hawkbit	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Scorzoneroides autumnalis (L.) Moench ssp. autumnalis 1753. Leontodon autumnalis L. in… 1778. Hedypnois autumnalis (L.) Huds. in… 1779. Scorzonera autumnalis (L.) Lam. in… 1785. Picris autumnalis (L.) All. in… 1794. Scorzoneroides autumnalis (L.) Moench in… 1800. Lactuca autumnalis (L.) Bernh. in… 1804. Apargia autumnalis (L.) Hoffm. in… 1822. Virea autumnalis (L.) Gray in… 1829. Apargia pratensis Link in… 1829. Oporinia autumnalis (L.) D.Don in… 1846. Taraxacum autumnale (L.) Gueldenst. ex Ledeb. in…	Autumn hawkbit, Fall hawkbit, Fall dandelion	Introduced from Europe to Siberia & Caucasus		NYFA: X	USDA-XX POWO FSUS ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Images Wikispecies

Hypochaeris edit

Hypochaeris radicata

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Hypochaeridinae — Hypochaeris
Genus Hypochaeris	Cat's ear	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hypochaeris radicata L. ssp. radicata 1753. Hypochaeris radicata L. in… 1771. Leontodon ciliatus Scop. in… 1771. Achyrophorus radicatus (L.) Scop. in… 1786. Hypochaeris radiata Falk in… 1826. Porcellites radicata (L.) Cass. in… 1840. Apargia serotina Jan ex Steud. in… 1911. Crepis molokaiensis H.Lév. in…	Spotted cat's ear, Hairy cat's ear	Introduced from Eurasia		NYFA: X NYFA: 28 counties ? counties	USDA-XX FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies

Helminthotheca edit

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Hypochaeridinae — Helminthotheca
Genus Helminthotheca	Ox-tongue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub 1753. Picris echioides L. in… 1785. Crepis echioides (L.) All. in… 1791. Helminthia echioides (L.) Gaertn. in… 1794. Helminthia tuberculata Moench in… 1796. Picris ruderalis Salisb. in… 1807. Picris humifusa Willd. in… 1816. Picris spinosa (DC.) Poir. in… 1867. Helminthia dichotoma Dulac in… 1973. Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub in… 2006. Helminthotheca echioides var. incisa P.D.Sell in…	Bristly oxtongue	Introduced from Medit. to Caucasus, E. Europe to Turkmenistan		NYFA: X NYFA: 3 counties iNat ? counties	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies

Picris edit

Hawkweed oxtongue is becoming increasingly common along roadsides in the Northeast, and it is considered to be a noxious weed in Washington State.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Hypochaeridinae — Picris
Genus Picris	Ox-tongue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Picris hieracioides L. 1753. Picris hieracioides L. 1762. Hedypnois hieracioides (L.) Huds. 1781. Picris aspera Gilib. 1789. Leontodon umbellatus Schrank 1803. Apargia hieracioides (L.) Willd. 1918. Apargia umbellata (Schrank) Schrank 1967. P. hieracioides var. kamtschatica (Ledeb.) B. Boivin 1968. P. hieracioides ssp. kamtschatica (Ledeb.) Hultén 1982. P. hieracioides ssp. tsekouensis Kitam. 2007. P. hieracioides var. alpina	Hawkweed oxtongue Picride fausse-épervière, Picride épervière, Picris fausse-épervière	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive		NYFA: X	USDA-MX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies

Leontodon edit

Leontodon hispidus

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Hypochaeridinae — Leontodon
Genus Leontodon	Hawkbit	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Leontodon hispidus L. ssp. hispidus 1753. Leontodon hispidus L. in… 1771. Leontodon chondrillifolius Scop. in… 1777. Hieracium incanum Pollich in… 1778. Hedypnois hispida (L.) Huds. in… 1785. Picris hispida (L.) All. in… 1800. Picris acaulis Bernh. in… 1812. Apargia hispida (L.) Hoffm. in… 1822. Virea hispida (L.) Gray in… 1826. Apargia communis Spenn. in… 1840. Apargia hirta Steud. in… 1844. Leontodon vulgaris Kitt. in… 1871. Leontodon hastilis ssp. hispidus (L.) Čelak. in… 1882. Leontodon protheiformis ssp. hispidus (L.) Arcang. in…	Common hawkbit, Bristly hawkbit, Rough hawkbit	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX POWO ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Leontodon saxatilis Lam. ssp. saxatilis 1771. Apargia hirta (L.) Scop. in… 1779. Leontodon saxatilis Lam. in… 1819. Apargia saxatilis Ten. in… 1831. Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Willd. ex Mérat in… 1869. Asterothrix crispa (Vill.) Fourr. in… 1879. Leontodon crispus ssp. saxatilis (Lam.) Nyman in… 1952. Thrincia saxatilis (Lam.) Holub & Moravec in…	Lesser hawkbit	Introduced		NYFA: Xu	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Hieraciinae edit

The Hieraciinae contains the hawkweeds. Some sources include them all in genus Hieracium, while others split them into two genera, as is done here.

Hieracium edit

Hieracium scabrum

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Hieraciinae — Hieracium
Genus Hieracium	Hawkweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hieracium scabrum 1803. Hieracium scabrum Michx.	Sticky hawkweed, Rough hawkweed	Native, CoC: 6, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hieracium paniculatum L. 1753. Hieracium paniculatum L.	Panicled hawkweed, Allegheny hawkweed	Native, CoC: 6, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hieracium venosum 1753. Hieracium venosum L. 1918. Hieracium venosum var. nudicaule (Michx.) Farw.	Rattlesnake hawkweed, Veiny hawkweed, Poor-Robin's-plantain	Native, CoC: 7, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hieracium umbellatum L. 1753. Hieracium umbellatum L. 1753. Hieracium kalmii L. 1803. Hieracium canadense Michx. 1824. Hieracium scabriusculum Schwein. 1901. Hieracium columbianum Rydb. 1993. Hieracium kalmii var. canadense (Michx.) Reveal	Canada hawkweed, Canadian hawkweed, Kalm's hawkweed, Narrowleaf hawkweed Èpervière en ombelle, Èpervière de Kalm	Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hieracium gronovii	Hairy hawkweed, Queen-devil, Gronovius' hawkweed, Beaked hawkweed	Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hieracium × marianum Willd. Hieracium gronovii × Hieracium venosum Hieracium marianum Willd. Hieracium × marianum Willd. H. pennsylvanicum Fr.	Maryland hawkweed	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2? GBIF	USDA-NN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hieracium lachenalii	Common hawkweed	Introduced from Eurasia, Canada, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-XN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hieracium murorum Hieracium hyparcticum (Almquist) Elfstr.	Wall hawkweed Few-leaved hawkweed ⓘ	Introduced		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hieracium sabaudum	New England hawkweed	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX BONAP Images Wikispecies

Pilosella edit

Pilosella aurantiaca

A universal acceptance of the separation of Pilosella from Hieracium has been gradual and is still not complete. Hieracium aurantiacum, H. pilosella and ten others were proposed for transfer to Pilosella in 1862, but many others weren't proposed until a century later. Besides clear morphological differences Pilosella species are prone to hybridization within the genus, while Hieracium species rarely hybridize.^[1]

↑ Bräutigam, S. & Greuter, W. (2007). A new treatment of Pilosella for the Euro-Mediterranean flora (Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes 24). – Willdenowia 37: 123-137 – ISSN 0511-9618; © 2007 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Hieraciinae — Pilosella
Genus Pilosella	Hawkweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. 1753. Hieracium aurantiacum L. in… 1862. Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. in… 1863. Hieracium bihariense A.Kern. in… 1880. Pilosella bihariensis Arv.-Touv. in… 1921. Hieracium brunneocroceum Pugsley in… 1989. Pilosella carpathicola (Nägeli & Peter) Schljakov in… 1989. Pilosella neriedowae (Woł. & Zahn) Schljakov in… 1989. Pilosella subaurantiaca (Nägeli & Peter) Schljakov in… 1995. Hieracium carpathicola (Nägeli & Peter) Czerep. in…	Orange hawkweed, Devil's-paintbrush, King devil, Orange-red king devil, Fox and cubs Épervière orangée, Bouquets rouges, Marguerite rouge	Introduced from Central & SE. Europe to Ukraine, Potentially invasive Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Pilosella caespitosa (Dumort.) P.D.Sell. & C.West 1827. Hieracium caespitosum Dumort. 1828. Hieracium pratense Tausch 1967. Pilosella caespitosa P.D.Sell & C.West	Yellow Hawkweed, Yellow king-devil, Yellow fox-and-cubs, Meadow hawkweed Èpervière des prés, Èpervière des prairies	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják 1779. Hieracium piloselloides Vill. 1785. Hieracium florentinum All. 1971. P. piloselloides (Vill.) Soják	Glaucous-leaved hawkweed, Tall hawkweed, Kingdevil, Smoothish hawkweed Èpervière des Florentins	Introduced, Naturalized		NYFA: Xn	USDA-XX Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Pilosella officinarum F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. 1753. Hieracium pilosella L, 1862. P. officinarum F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip.	Mouse-ear hawkweed	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-X Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Pilosella flagellaris (Willd.) P.D. Sell & C. West 1814. Hieracium flagellare Willd. 1866. Hieracium flagellare Schur 1967. P. flagellaris (Willd.) P.D. Sell & C. West	Whiplash hawkweed, Whip hawkweed	Introduced, Naturalized		NYFA: Xn	Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Pilosella lactucella (Wallr.) P.D. Sell & C. West 1822. Hieracium lactucella Wallr. 1967. P. lactucella (Wallr.) P.D. Sell & C. West	Lettuce hawkweed, European hawkweed	Introduced, Unk. naturalization Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA:	Images Wikispecies
Pilosella × fuscoatra Pilosella aurantiaca × Pilosella caespitosa 1885. H. fuscoatrum Nägeli & Peter 1971. P. fuscoatra (Nägeli & Peter) Soják	Hybrid hawkweed, Hybrid of orange hawkweed & yellow hawkweed	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Pilosella × floribunda (Wimm. & Grab.) Fr. Pilosella caespitosa × Pilosella lactucella Hieracium × floribundum Hieracium × dorei Hieracium auricula	King-devil hawkweed, Meadow hawkweed, Yellow hawkweed, Yellow devil hawkweed, Smoothish hawkweed Épervière à fleurs nombreuses	Introduced		NYFA: Xn	VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Pilosella × acutifolia (Vill.) Arv.-Touv. Pilosella officinarum × Pilosella piloselloides Hieracium × brachiatum Bertol. ex DC. P. × brachiata (DC.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. P. × acutifolia (Vill.) Arv.-Touv.	Sharp-leaved hawkweed ⓘ	Introduced, Unk. naturalization		NYFA: Xu	Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Microseridinae edit

Krigia edit

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Microseridinae — Krigia
Genus Krigia	Dwarf dandelion	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Krigia biflora (Walter) S.F.Blake	Twoflower dwarfdandelion, Two-flowered dwarf dandelion	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Krigia virginica (L.) Willd.	Virginia dwarf-dandelion	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NX Images Wikispecies
Krigia cespitosa (Raf.) K.L.Chambers var. cespitosa 1817. Krigia oppositifolia Raf. in… 1817. Serinia cespitosa Raf. in… 1823. Apogon humilis Elliott in… 1838. Krigia petiolaris Raf. in… 1866. Arnoseris humilis (Elliott) Sch.Bip. in… 1891. Serinia oppositifolia (Raf.) Kuntze in… 1973. Krigia cespitosa (Raf.) K.L.Chambers in…	Common dwarf-dandelion, Weedy dwarf-dandelion	Introduced from Central & SE. U.S.A. to, Mexico (Tamaulipas), US South native, No specimens		NYFA-Excluded NYFA: Not listed Bronx (2017)	USDA-N0 POWO Images Wikispecies

Stephanomeria edit

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Microseridinae — Stephanomeria
Genus Stephanomeria	Wire lettuce	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Stephanomeria exigua Nutt. ssp. exigua	Small wirelettuce	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies

Nothocalais edit

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Microseridinae — Nothocalais
Genus Nothocalais	False agoseris	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene 1814. Troximon cuspidatum Pursh 1840. Agoseris cuspidata (Pursh) Raf. 1866. Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Sch. Bip. 1886. Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene	Prairie false dandelion, Sharppoint prairie-dandelion, Wavy-leaf prairie-dandelion, Toothed microseris Microséris cuspidé	N. America native Great Plains, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Malacothrix edit

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Microseridinae — Malacothrix
Genus Malacothrix	Desert-dandelion	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Malacothrix sonchoides (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray	Sowthistle desertdandelion	N. America native western N. America, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Cichoriinae edit

Cichorium edit

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Cichoriinae — Cichorium
Genus Cichorium	Chicory	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cichorium intybus L. 1753. Cichorium intybus L.	Chicory, Succory, Blue sailors, French endive Chicorée sauvage, Chicorée amère, Chicorée	Introduced from Eurasia, Tunisia, Potentially invasive FACU Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Arnoseris edit

Asterales — Asteraceae — Cichorioideae — Cichorieae — Cichoriinae — Arnoseris
Genus Arnoseris	Arnoseris	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Körte 1753. Hyoseris minima L 1811. Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Körte	Lamb's succory, Lamb's lettuce, Swine's succory Porcelle des moutons, Chicorée de mouton, Arnoséris minime, Arnoséris naine	Introduced, Impersistent, No specimens		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

[1] Mandel, J. R., R. B. Dikow, C. M. Siniscalchi, R. Thapa, L. E. Watson, and V. A. Funk. 2019. A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116: 14083–14088.

[2] Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 (and more or less continuously updated since).

[3] Keeley, S. C., J. T. Cantley, and T. J. Gallaher. 2021. The “evil tribe” spreads across the land: A dated molecular phylogeny provides insight into dispersal, expansion, and biogeographic relationships within one of the largest tribes of the sunflower family (Vernonieae: Compositae). American Journal of Botany 108(3): 505–519.

[4] ICN (Hand R., Kilian N. & Raab-Straube E. von; general editors) 2009+ (continuously updated): International Cichorieae Network: Cichorieae Portal. Published at http://cichorieae.e-taxonomy.net/portal/; accessed 21 Sep. 2015.

[5] Kilian N., Hand R. & Raab-Straube E. von (general editors) 2009+ (continuously updated): Cichorieae Systematics Portal. – Published at http://cichorieae.e-taxonomy.net/portal/; accessed Dec. 20, 2023.

[6] New York Flora Atlas (NYFA): Mycelis genus page

[7] MapInvasives (2022). Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis New York Species Record

[8] Samuel, R., Gutermann, W., Stuessy, T.F., Ruas, C.F., Lack, H.-W., Tremetsberger, K., Talavera, S., Hermanowski, B. and Ehrendorfer, F. (2006), Molecular phylogenetics reveals Leontodon (Asteraceae, Lactuceae) to be diphyletic. Am. J. Bot., 93: 1193-1205.

[9] Greuter,W.,Gutermann,W.&Talavera,S.:A preliminary conspectus of Scorzoneroides (Compositae,Cichorieae) with validation of the required new names.–Willdenowia 36:689-692.–ISSN 0511-9618;©2006 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.

[10] Bräutigam, S. & Greuter, W. (2007). A new treatment of Pilosella for the Euro-Mediterranean flora (Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes 24). – Willdenowia 37: 123-137 – ISSN 0511-9618; © 2007 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.

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