Emergency Medicine

Open-Content Textbook of Emergency Medicine

(OCTEM)

SYMPTOMS AND PRESENTATIONS

GENERAL SYMPTOMS

Altered mental status, Anxiety, Apnea, Ataxia, Back pain, Bleeding, Coma, Confusion, Crying/Fussiness, Cyanosis, Decreased level of consciousness, Dehydration, Dizziness, Edema, Failure to thrive, Fatigue, Feeding problems, Fever, Hypotension, Jaundice, Joint pain/Swelling, Limp, Lymphadenopathy, Malaise, Multiple trauma, Needle stick, Pain, Paralysis, Paresthesia/Dysthesia,

HEAD AND NECK SYMPTOMS

Congestion, Diplopia, Dysphagia, Eye pain, Headache, Loss of hearing, Loss of vision, Rhinorrhea, Sore throat, Stridor, Tinnitus, Vertigo,

CHEST SYMPTOMS

Chest pain, Cough, Dyspnea, Hemoptysis, Hiccough, Orthopnea, Palpitations, Shortness of breath, Tachycardia, Wheezing,

ABDOMINAL SYMPTOMS

Abnormal vaginal bleeding, Anuria, Ascites, Belching / GERD, Colic, Constipation, Cramps, Diarrhea, Dysmenorrhea, Dysuria, Hematemesis, Hematochezia, Hematuria, Nausea/Vomiting, Pain, Pelvic pain, Peritonitis, Rectal bleeding, Rectal pain, Urinary incontinence, Urinary retention,

TOPICS

ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS

Abdominal Wall, Esophagus, Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract, Large Bowel, Liver, Pancreas, Peritoneum, Small Bowel, Stomach,

CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS

Arterial, Cardiopulmonary Arrest, Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System, Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired, Diseases of the Pericardium, Disorders of Circulation, Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm, Endocarditis, Hypertensive Emergencies, Tumors, Valvular Disorders, Venous,

CUTANEOUS DISORDERS

Bacterial, Cancers of the Skin, Decubitus Ulcer, Dermatitis, Fungal, Infections, Maculopapular Lesions, Papular/Nodular Lesions, Parasitic, Vesicular/Bullous Lesions, Viral,

DISASTER MEDICINE

Emergency preparedness, Chemical warfare agents, Bioterrorism, Infectious Disease outbreak, Radiation emergencies, The Dirty Bomb, Explosives,

ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS

Acid Base Disturbances, Adrenal Disease, Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances, Glucose Metabolism, Nutritional Disorders, Parathyroid Disease, Pituitary Disorders, Thyroid Disorders, Tumors of Endocrine Glands,

ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS

Bites and Envenomation, Dysbarism, Electrical Injury, High Altitude Illness, Snake Bite, Submersion Incidents, Temperature Related Illness,

HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis, Ear, Eye, Nose, Oropharynx/Throat, Tumors,

HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS

Blood Transfusion, Hemostatic Disorders, Lymphomas, Pancytopenia, Red Blood Cell Disorders, White Blood Cell Disorders,

IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS

Collagen Vascular Disease, HIV and Manifestations, Hypersensitivity, Kawasaki Syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Transplant Related Problems,

INFECTIOUS DISORDERS

Bacterial, Biologic Weapons, Fungal Infections, Protozoan - Parasites, Tick-Borne, Viral, Sepsis,

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)

Bony Abnormalities, Disorders of the Spine, Joint Abnormalities, Muscle Abnormalities, Myofascial Pain Syndromes, Overuse Syndromes, Soft Tissue Infections,

NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

Cranial Nerve Disorders, Demyelinating Disorders, Headache, Hydrocephalus, Infections/Inflammatory Disorders, Movement Disorders, Neuromuscular Disorders, Other Conditions of the Brain, Seizure Disorders, Spinal Cord Compression, Stroke, Transient Cerebral Ischemia, Tumors,

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Complications of Delivery, Complications of Labor, Complications of Pregnancy, Female Genital Tract, High Risk Pregnancy, Normal Labor and Delivery, Normal Pregnancy, Postpartum Complications,

RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS

Acute and Chronic Renal Failure, Complications of Renal Dialysis, Glomerular Disorders, Infection, Male Genital Tract, Nephritis, Structural Disorders, Tumors,

THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

Acute Upper Airway Disorders, Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall, Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema, Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease, Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults, Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct, Pulmonary Infections, Tumors,

TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS

Acetaminophen, Amphetamines, Anesthetics, Antiarrhythmics, Anticholinergics/Cholinergics, Anticoagulants, Anticonvulsants, Antidepressants, Antihistamines and antiemetics, Antihypertensives, Antiparkinsonism drugs, Antipsychotics, Beta blockers, Bronchodilators, Calcium channel blockers, Carbon monoxide, Cardiovascular drugs, Caustic agents, Cocaine, Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide, Ethanol, Glycol, Hallucinogens, Heavy metals, Herbicides, insecticides, and , Hormones/Steroids, Household/Industrial chemicals, Hydrocarbons, Hypoglycemics/Insulin, Inhaled toxins,

TRAUMATIC DISORDERS

Abdominal trauma, Burns, Chemical Burns, Chest trauma, Cutaneous injuries, Facial fractures, Genitourinary trauma, Head trauma, Injuries of the spine, Lower extremity bony trauma, Multi-system Trauma, Neck trauma, Ophthalmologic trauma, Otologic trauma, Pediatric fractures, Pelvic fracture, Soft-tissue extremity injuries, Spinal cord and nervous system trauma, Trauma, Trauma in Pregnancy, Upper extremity bony trauma,

TESTS

Imaging

CXR, Head CT, C-Spine XR, Abdo CT, KUB, Pelvic US, Cardiac US, Biliary US, FAST US,

Lab Investigations

ABG, Electrolytes, CBC, D-Dimer, Troponin,

Point of Care Testing

EKG,

TREATMENT

Procedures

Endotracheal Intubation, Other Airway Procedures, Chest Tube, Thoracotomy, Cardioversion, Central Line Insertion, Laceration Repair, Incision and Drainage, Lumbar Puncture, Medicine

Resuscitation

Cardioversion, Blood and Fluids,

Other Treatment

Procedural Sedation,

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

Pediatrics, Pediatric Airway Emergencies, Pediatric Rehydration, Geriatrics, Immunocompromised, Alcoholic Patient, Mentally Disabled Patient,

PRACTICE AND ADMINISTRATION

Contract Principles, Financial Issues, Operations, Performance Improvement, Pre-Hospital Care, Professionalism, Systems-Based Management, Risk Management, Legal and Regulatory Issues,

KNOWLEDGE AND COMMUNICATION

Biostatistics, EBM, Guidelines, Presentations and Lecturing, Research, Health Informatics

For Contributors

• Use one of these stencils as a model structure, whenever possible, to provide some uniformity in this textbook:
  • Standard Core Chapter Stencil
  • Reference Summary - Page Stencil - for One PubMed Paper
• The ABEM/ACEP Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine guides creation of chapters and topics in this textbook, wherever possible.
• If any references are medical articles with Unique Identifiers, they may link out to the PubMed Abstract.
• For instance, a link to the PubMed article with Unique Identifier = 15635313 is created a PubMed Link - simply use the prefix 'PMID' and the PubMedId Number, for example:
• Respiratory Rate Measurement PMID 15635313
• The PubMed home page is here:
  • National Library of Medicine - PubMed
• If you are contributing for the first time, or if you are not familiar with the Wiki system, please read this:
  • Guide to the OCTEM
• Miscellaneous pages:
  • Roles
  • PIOPED References

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